Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

204 ENTACAPONE
Other
Abdominal pain
(2004): Gordin A+, J Neural Transm 111(10-11), 1343
ENTECAVIR
Trade name: Baraclude (Bristol-Myers Squibb)
Indications: Chronic hepatitis B virus infection
Category: Antiviral; Guanosine nucleoside analog
Half-life: ~24 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: None
None
EPHEDRA
Reactions
Scientific names: Ephedra equisetina; Ephedra intermedia;
Ephedra sinica; Ephedra vulgaris
Family: Gnetaceae
Trade and other common names: Joint Fir; Ma Huang; Popotillo;
Sea Grape; Teamster’s Tea; Yellow Astringent; Yellow Horse
Category: Ephedrine alkaloid; Stimulant
Purported indications and other uses: Bronchospasm,
asthma, bronchitis, allergy, appetite suppressant, colds, flu, fever,
chills, edema, headache, anhidrosis, diuretic, joint and bone pain
Half-life: N/A
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: acetazolamide, amitriptyline, caffeine, cocoa,
corticosteroids, ephedrine, epinephrine, guanethidine, guarana,
MAO inhibitors, olmesartan, phenelzine, phenylpropanolamine,
selegiline, sibutramine, sodium bicarbonate
Reactions
Skin
Adverse effects (sic)
(2003): Bent S+, AnnInternMed138(6), 468
(2002): Arditti J+, Acta Clin Belg Suppl (1), 34 (slimming pills)
(2002): Haller CA+, Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 21(3), 143
Mucosal
Xerostomia
(2002): Boozer CN+, IntJObesRelatMetabDisord26(5), 593
Eyes
Vision impaired
(2006): Moawad FJ+, South Med J 99(5), 511 (transient)
Visual hallucinations
(2005): Maglione M+, Am J Psychiatry 162(1), 189
Other
Death
(2005): Woolf AD+, Clin Toxicol (Phila) 43(5), 347
(2003): Charatan F, BMJ 326(7387), 464
(2003): Schulman S, Public Health Rep 118(6), 487
(2002): Arditti J+, Acta Clin Belg Suppl (1), 34 (slimming pills)
(2000): Haller CA+, NEnglJMed343(25), 1833 (10 cases)
Hypersensitivity
Side effects (sic)
(2002): Lawrence ME+, J Clin Gastroenterol 35(4), 299
Note: The FDA has recently banned Ephedra because of serious side
effects
EPHEDRINE
Trade names: Ectasule; Efedron; Ephedsol; Marax; Pretz-D;
Rynatuss (MedPointe); Vicks Vatronol (Procter & Gamble)
Indications: Nasal congestion, acute hypotensive states, asthma
Category: Adrenergic alpha-receptor agonist; Sympathomimetic
Half-life: 3–6 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: antihypertensives, dexamethasone, ephedra, furazolidone,
guanethidine, guarana, MAO inhibitors, methyldopa, phenelzine,
phenylpropanolamine, selegiline, tranylcypromine, tricyclic
antidepressants
Reactions
Skin
Bullous dermatitis
Dermatitis
(1993): Villas-Martinez F+, Contact Dermatitis 29, 215
(1991): Audicana M+, Contact Dermatitis 24, 223
Diaphoresis (1–10%)
Edema
Exanthems
Exfoliative dermatitis
(1981): Serup J, Ugeskr Laeger (Danish) 143, 1660
Fixed eruption
(2003): Matsumoto K+, JAmAcadDermatol48(4), 628
(2000): Tanimoto K+, Masui 49(12), 1374
(1997): Garcia Ortiz JC+, Allergy 52, 229
(1994): Krivda SJ+, JAmAcadDermatol31, 291 (nonpigmenting)
Pallor (1–10%)
Purpura
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
(2002): Yung A+, Australas J Dermatol 43(1), 35
Urticaria
Vasculitis
Mucosal
Xerostomia (1–10%)
Other
Death
(2003): Kanstrup MH+, Ugeskr Laeger 165(3), 239 (with
caffeine)
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity
(2002): Gonzalez Rodriguez JL+, Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim
49(9), 501
EPINASTINE
Synonyms: Relastat; WAL-801-CL
Trade name: Elestat (Allergan)
Indications: Allergic conjunctivitis
Category: Histamine H1 receptor antagonist
Half-life: 12 hours
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: None
Reactions
Eyes
Ocular burning (1–10)
Ocular hemorrhage (1–10%)