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Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

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COCOA<br />

Scientific names: Theobroma cacao; Theobroma sativum<br />

Family: Sterculiaceae<br />

Trade <strong>and</strong> other common names: Cacao; Chocola; Cocoa<br />

Oleum; Theobromine<br />

Category: Food supplement<br />

Purported indications <strong>and</strong> other uses: Oral: asthma,<br />

bronchitis, cardiovascular disease, diarrhea. Topical: cosmetics,<br />

pharmaceutical preparations, foods. Chocolate is produced from<br />

cocoa powder<br />

Half-life: 5 hours<br />

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />

with: caffeine, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, clozapine, ephedra,<br />

lithium, phenylpropanolamine, theophylline<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg–Strauss syndrome)<br />

(2004): Taibjee SM+, Br J Dermatol 150(3), 595<br />

Allergic reactions<br />

Henoch-Schonlein purpura<br />

Prurigo<br />

(2004): Cederberg J+, BMC Psychiatry 4, 36 (with fluoxetine or<br />

sertraline)<br />

(1998): Rudzki E+, Przegl Lek 55(5), 239<br />

Pruritus ani et vulvae<br />

Rash<br />

(2004): Cederberg J+, BMC Psychiatry 4, 36 (with fluoxetine or<br />

sertraline)<br />

CODEINE<br />

Synonym: methylmorphine<br />

Trade names: Actacode; Calcidrine; Cheracol; Codicept;<br />

Codiforton; Guaituss AC; Halotussin (Watson); Novahistine DH;<br />

Nucofed (Monarch); Paveral; Robitussin AC (Wyeth); Solcodein;<br />

Tricodein; Tussar-2; Tussi-Organidin (MedPointe)<br />

Indications: Pain, cough suppressant<br />

Category: Opiate agonist<br />

Half-life: 2.5–4 hours<br />

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />

with: alcohol, CNS depressants, MAO inhibitors, raspberry<br />

leaf<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP)<br />

(1995): Lee S+, Australas J Dermatol 36, 25<br />

Angioedema<br />

(1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse <strong>Drug</strong> Reactions <strong>and</strong> the Skin<br />

Blackwell, Oxford, 211 (passim)<br />

Bullous dermatitis<br />

(1992): Breathnach SM+, Adverse <strong>Drug</strong> Reactions <strong>and</strong> the Skin<br />

Blackwell, Oxford, 211 (passim)<br />

Dermatitis<br />

(2005): Rodriguez A+, Contact Dermatitis 53(4), 240<br />

(1995): Waclawski ER+, Contact Dermatitis 33, 51<br />

(1983): Romaguera C+, Contact Dermatitis 9, 170<br />

Diaphoresis<br />

Edema<br />

CODEINE 145<br />

(2001): Estrada JL+, Contact Dermatitis 44(3), 185 (generalized)<br />

Erythema multiforme (

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