Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW
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Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

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CLOPIDOGREL Trade name: Plavix (Bristol-Myers Squibb) (Sanofi-Aventis) Indications: Atherosclerotic events Category: Antiplatelet, thienopyridine Half-life: ~8 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anisindione, anticoagulants, atorvastatin, dicumarol, fondaparinux, simvastatin, warfarin Reactions Skin Allergic reactions (sic) (1–2.5%) Angioedema (2003): Fischer TC+, Am J Med 114(1), 77 Bullous dermatitis (1–2.5%) Cellulitis (2003): Wolf I+, Mayo Clin Proc 78(5), 618 Eczema (1–2.5%) Edema (3–5%) Exanthems (1–2.5%) (2001): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (personal communication) (1999): Smith JG, Mobile, AL (generalized) (from Internet) (observation) Lichenoid eruption (photosensitive) (2003): Dogra S+, Br J Dermatol 148(3), 609 Photosensitivity (lichenoid) (2003): Dogra S+, Br J Dermatol 148(3), 609 Pruritus (3.3%) (2006): Makkar K+, Ann Pharmacother 40(6), 1204 (1999): Smith JG, Mobile, AL (from Internet) (observation) Psoriasis (2006): Meissner M+, Br J Dermatol 155(3), 630 Purpura (2006): Oo TH, Am J Hematol 81(11), 890 (2006): Patel TN+, J Invasive Cardiol 18(7), E211 (2005): Szuldrzynski K+, Kardiol Pol 63(4), 411 (2004): Andersohn F+, Heart 90(9), e57 (2002): Paradiso-Hardy FL+, Can J Cardiol 18(7), 771 (5 cases) (2001): Briguori C+, Ital Heart J 2(12), 935 (2001): Medina PJ+, Curr Opin Hematol 8(5), 286 (2001): Nara W+, Am J Med Sci 322(3), 170 (2000): Bennett CL+, NEnglJMed342, 1773 (11 patients) (2000): Brooker JZ, NEnglJMed343(16), 1192 (2000): Cheung RT, NEnglJMed343(16), 1192 (2000): Chinnakotla S+, Transplantation 70, 550 (2000): Goldstein MR, NEnglJMed343(16), 1192 (2000): Salliere D+, NEnglJMed343(16), 1191 (2000): SoRelle R, Circulation 101, E9036 (2000): Trontell AE+, NEnglJMed343(16), 1191 (1999): Carwile JM+, Blood 94, 1:78 (1999): Connors JM+, Transfusion 39, 56S Rash (sic) (4.2%) (2006): Makkar K+, Ann Pharmacother 40(6), 1204 (with ticlopidine) toxic dermatitis (sic) (2001): El-Majjaoui S+, JMalVasc26(3), 207 Ulcerations (1–2.5%) Urticaria (1–2.5%) (1997): Coukell AJ+, Drugs 54, 745 Mucosal Oral ulceration (2005): Adelola OA+, Ir Med J 98(9), 282 Eyes Ocular hemorrhage (2004): Davies BR, Br J Ophthalmol 88(9), 1226 (with aspirin) Other Fever (2006): Ng JA+, Pharmacotherapy 26(7), 1023 (2003): Wolf I+, Mayo Clin Proc 78(5), 618 Hepatotoxicity (2006): Ng JA+, Pharmacotherapy 26(7), 1023 (2005): Chau TN+, Hong Kong Med J 11(5), 414 Hypersensitivity (2006): Nebeker JR+, J Am Coll Cardiol 47(1), 175 (2006): Walker NE+, J Invasive Cardiol 18(7), 341 (2005): Comert A+, Int J Dermatol 44(10), 882 (2005): Doogue MP+, Mayo Clin Proc 80(10), 1368 (2001): Sarrot-Reynauld F+, AnnInternMed135(4), 305 Rhabdomyolysis (2007): Burton JR+, Ann Pharmacother 41(1), 133 (2003): Uber PA+, J Heart Lung Transplant 22(1), 107 CLORAZEPATE Trade names: Gen-XENE; Novoclopate; Transene; Tranxal; Tranxen; Tranxene (Ovation) (Abbott); Tranxilen; Tranxilium Indications: Anxiety and panic disorders Category: Benzodiazepine Half-life: 48–96 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amprenavir, antacids, carbamazepine, carmustine, chlorpheniramine, clarithromycin, efavirenz, esomeprazole, imatinib, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, MAO inhibitors, midazolam, moclobemide, nelfinavir, phenytoin, sucralfate, theophylline, warfarin Reactions CLORAZEPATE 139 Skin Dermatitis (1–10%) Diaphoresis (>10%) Exanthems (2001): Sachs B+, Br J Dermatol 144(2), 316 (generalized) Photosensitivity (1989): Torras H+, JAmAcadDermatol21, 1304 Pruritus Purpura Rash (sic) (>10%) Urticaria (1981): Bonnetblanc JM+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 108, 177 Vasculitis (1985): Sanchez NP+, Arch Dermatol 121, 220 Vesiculation Mucosal Oral ulceration Sialopenia (>10%) Sialorrhea (1–10%) Xerostomia (>10%) Nails Nails – photo-onycholysis (1989): Torras H+, JAmAcadDermatol21, 1304 Other Porphyria (2001): Rassiat E+, Gastroenterol Clin Biol 25(8), 832

140 CLOTRIMAZOLE CLOTRIMAZOLE Trade names: Agisten; Candid; Canestene; Gyne-Lotrimin (Schering); Imazol; Lotrimin (Schering); Lotrisone (Schering); Mycelex (Bayer); Taon Indications: Candidiasis, dermatophyte infections of the skin Category: Antibiotic, imidazole Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: betamethasone Reactions Skin Burning (1994): Binet O+, Mycoses 37, 455 (1983): Higashide K+, JIntMedRes11, 21 (from vaginal tablets) Dermatitis (1999): Cooper SM+, Contact Dermatitis 41, 168 (1999): Erdmann S+, Contact Dermatitis 40, 47 (1997): Dharmagunawardena B+, Contact Dermatitis 32, 187 (1995): Baes H, Contact Dermatitis 32, 187 (1994): Valsecchi R+, Contact Dermatitis 30, 248 (1987): Raulin C+, Derm Beruf Umwelt (German) 35, 64 (1985): Balato N+, Contact Dermatitis 12, 110 (1985): Kalb RE+, Cutis 36, 240 Edema Erythema Exfoliative dermatitis Irritation (sic) (1994): Binet O+, Mycoses 37, 455 Pruritus Stinging Urticaria Vesiculation CLOXACILLIN Trade names: Alclox; Apo-Cloxi; Cloxapen (GSK); Ekvacillin; Loxavit; Nu-Cloxi; Orbenin; Orbenine; Tegopen Indications: Various infections caused by susceptible organisms Category: Antibiotic, penicillin Half-life: 0.5–1.1 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anticoagulants, cyclosporine, demeclocycline, doxycycline, imipenem/cilastatin, methotrexate, minocycline, oxytetracycline, proguanil, tetracycline Reactions Skin Angioedema (2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 34(1), 37 (1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108 (facial) Dermatitis (1996): Gamboa P+, Contact Dermatitis 34, 75 Erythema (1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108 Erythema multiforme Exanthems (2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 34(1), 37 Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema (2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 34(1), 37 Hematomas Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction Pruritus (1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108 Rash (sic) (

140 CLOTRIMAZOLE<br />

CLOTRIMAZOLE<br />

Trade names: Agisten; C<strong>and</strong>id; Canestene; Gyne-Lotrimin<br />

(Schering); Imazol; Lotrimin (Schering); Lotrisone (Schering);<br />

Mycelex (Bayer); Taon<br />

Indications: C<strong>and</strong>idiasis, dermatophyte infections of the skin<br />

Category: Antibiotic, imidazole<br />

Half-life: N/A<br />

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />

with: betamethasone<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Burning<br />

(1994): Binet O+, Mycoses 37, 455<br />

(1983): Higashide K+, JIntMedRes11, 21 (from vaginal tablets)<br />

Dermatitis<br />

(1999): Cooper SM+, Contact Dermatitis 41, 168<br />

(1999): Erdmann S+, Contact Dermatitis 40, 47<br />

(1997): Dharmagunawardena B+, Contact Dermatitis 32, 187<br />

(1995): Baes H, Contact Dermatitis 32, 187<br />

(1994): Valsecchi R+, Contact Dermatitis 30, 248<br />

(1987): Raulin C+, Derm Beruf Umwelt (German) 35, 64<br />

(1985): Balato N+, Contact Dermatitis 12, 110<br />

(1985): Kalb RE+, Cutis 36, 240<br />

Edema<br />

Erythema<br />

Exfoliative dermatitis<br />

Irritation (sic)<br />

(1994): Binet O+, Mycoses 37, 455<br />

Pruritus<br />

Stinging<br />

Urticaria<br />

Vesiculation<br />

CLOXACILLIN<br />

Trade names: Alclox; Apo-Cloxi; Cloxapen (GSK); Ekvacillin;<br />

Loxavit; Nu-Cloxi; Orbenin; Orbenine; Tegopen<br />

Indications: Various infections caused by susceptible organisms<br />

Category: Antibiotic, penicillin<br />

Half-life: 0.5–1.1 hours<br />

Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />

with: anticoagulants, cyclosporine, demeclocycline, doxycycline,<br />

imipenem/cilastatin, methotrexate, minocycline, oxytetracycline,<br />

proguanil, tetracycline<br />

Reactions<br />

Skin<br />

Angioedema<br />

(2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)<br />

34(1), 37<br />

(1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108 (facial)<br />

Dermatitis<br />

(1996): Gamboa P+, Contact Dermatitis 34, 75<br />

Erythema<br />

(1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108<br />

Erythema multiforme<br />

Exanthems<br />

(2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)<br />

34(1), 37<br />

Exfoliative dermatitis<br />

Facial edema<br />

(2006): Dominguez-Ortega J+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)<br />

34(1), 37<br />

Hematomas<br />

Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction<br />

Pruritus<br />

(1996): Torres MJ+, Clin Exp Allergy 26(1), 108<br />

Rash (sic) (

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