Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW
Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW
BISMUTH Trade names: Bismatrol; Bismuth subcitrate; Bismuth subgallate (colostomy deodorant); Bismuth subnitrate and Bismuth idoform paraffin paste (BIPP); Bismuth sucralfate; Caved-S; Colo-Fresh; De-Nol; Devrom; Diotame; Helidac (Prometheus); Pepto-Bismol (Procter & Gamble); Pink Bismuth Indications: As part of ‘triple therapy’ (antibiotics + bismuth) for eradication of H. pylori. Bismuth subgallate initiates clotting via activation of factor XII, and is used for bleeding during tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. BIPP impregnated ribbon gauze is used for packing following ear surgery. Bismuth subsalicylate is in OTC products for gastrointestinal complaints and peptic ulcer disease. Category: Disinfectant; Heavy metal Half-life: 21–72 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: aspirin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, hypoglycemics, lomefloxacin, methotrexate, minocycline, tetracycline, warfarin Reactions Skin Adverse effects (sic) (triple therapy) (2001): Danese S+, Hepatogastroenterology 48(38), 465 (2001): Sotudehmanesh R+, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16(3), 264 (2000): de Boer WA+, Am J Gastroenterol 95(3), 641 (2000): Malekzadeh R+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14(3), 299 (2000): Spinzi GC+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14(3), 325 (1999): Monkemuller KE+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(5), 661 (1999): Olafsson S+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(5), 651 (1999): Xiao SD+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(3), 311 (1998): Cammarota G+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(6), 539 (1998): Cestari R, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(10), 991 (1998): Dobrucali A+, Wien Med Wochenschr (German) 148(20), 464 (1998): Lerang F+, Am J Gastroenterol 93(2), 212 (1998): Ricciardiello L+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(6), 533 (1998): Spadaccini A+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(10), 997 (1998): van der Wouden EJ+, Am J Gastroenterol 93(8), 1228 (1997): Henriksen M+, Am J Gastroenterol 92, 653 (1997): Huang JQ+, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(8), 590 (1997): Kolkman JJ+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 11(6), 1123 (1997): Kung NN+, Am J Gastroenterol 92(3), 438 (1997): Laine L+, Am J Gastroenterol 92(12), 2213 (1996): Thijs JC+, Am J Gastroenterol 91(1), 93 (1996): van der Hulst RW+, Helicobacter 1(1), 6 (1996): Weldon MJ+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10(3), 279 (1995): al-Assi MT+, Am J Gastroenterol 90(3), 403 (1995): Hoffenberg P+, Rev Med Chil 123(2), 185 (1995): Rauws EA+, Drugs 50(6), 984 (1995): Webb DD+, Am J Gastroenterol 90(8), 1273 (1994): Borody TJ+, Am J Gastroenterol 89(1), 33 (1994): Hentschel E, Wien Klin Wochenschr (German) 106(17), 543 (1994): Park KN+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6 (Suppl 1), S103 (1994): Reijers MH+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 8(3), 351 (sucralfate) (1994): Wilhelmsen I+, Hepatogastroenterol 41(1), 43 (1993): Malfertheiner P, Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 196, 34 (1992): Berstad K+, Scand J Gastroenterol 27(12), 1006 (1992): Burgess E+, Drug Saf 7(4), 282 (1992): Wilhelmsen I+, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen (Norwegian) 112(25), 3197 (1990): Steffen R, Rev Infect Dis 12(Suppl1), S80 (subsalicylate) (1989): Bradley B+, J Clin Pharm Ther 14(6), 423 (subsalicylate and subcitrate) (1988): Borsch G, Med Klin (German) 83(18), 605 (1988): Dipalma JR, Am Fam Physician 38(5), 244 (1988): Eskens GT, Postgrad Med J 64(755), 724 (1980): Fournier PE, Therapie (French) 35(3), 319 (1980): Henderson IW, Can Med Assoc J 123(9), 848 Allergic reactions (sic) (1985): Jones PH, JLaryngolOtol99(4), 389 (1981): Anchupane IS+, Vestn Dermatol Venerol (Russian) 11, 63 Angioedema (subcitrate) (1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch) 138(3), 152 Dermatitis (2001): Wictorin A+, Contact Dermatitis 45(5), 318 (ointment) (1987): Goh CL+, Contact Dermatitis 16(2), 109 (subnitrate) Erythema (subcitrate) (1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch) 138(3), 152 Exanthems (subcitrate) (1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch) 138(3), 152 Exfoliative dermatitis Fixed eruption (1981): Granstein RD+, JAmAcadDermatol5, 1 Livedo reticularis (2005): Gibbs MB+, JAmAcadDermatol52(6), 1009 Pigmentation (1997): Ruiz-Maldonado R+, JAmAcadDermatol37(3), 489 (1993): Zala L+, Dermatology 187(4), 288 (1981): Granstein RD+, JAmAcadDermatol5(1), 1 Pityriasis rosea (2006): Hanjani NM+, Cutis 77(3), 166 Prurigo pigmentosa (1987): Dijkstra JW+, Int J Dermatol 26(6), 379 Pruritus (triple therapy) (1998): Pozzato P+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(5), 447 Rash (sic) (1990): Burnett JW, Cutis 45(4), 220 Vasculitis Mucosal Gingivitis (1989): Slikkerveer A+, Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 4(5), 303 (subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate) Oral pigmentation (1984): Sutak J+, Prakt Zuban Lek (Czech) 32(6), 166 (1983): Dayan D+, Clin Prev Dent 5(3), 25 (after root canal filling with AH-26) Stomatitis (1990): Burnett JW, Cutis 45(4), 220 (1989): Slikkerveer A+, Med Toxicol Adverse rug Exp 4(5), 303 (subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate) Tongue pigmentation (>10%) (2001): Ioffreda MD+, Arch Dermatol 137(7), 968 (black) (1987): DuPont HL+, JAMA 257(10), 1347 (black) Xerostomia (41%) (triple therapy) (2001): Kaviani MJ+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(8), 915 Hair Hair – alopecia (1990): Gollnick H+, ZHaut(German) 65, 1128 BISMUTH 69 Other Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis (2002): More D+, Allergy 57(6), 558 Death (1991): Sainsbury SJ, West J Med 155(6), 637 (subsalicylate) (1990): Jones JA, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69(6), 668 (BIPP) (1989): Hudson M+, BMJ 299(6692), 159 (subcitrate) (1985): Sanz Gallen P+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 84(13), 538
70 BISMUTH (1980): Allain P+, Therapie (French) 35(3), 303 Embolia cutis medicamentosa (Nicolau syndrome) (2001): Corazza M+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15(6), 585 Hypersensitivity (1998): Lim PV+, JLaryngolOtol112(4), 335 (impregnated tape) (1981): Anchupane IS+, Vestn Dermatol Venerol (Russian) Nov 11, 63 Injection-site lymphoma (1984): Krivitzky A+, Ann Med Interne (Paris) (French) 135(3), 205 Nephrotoxicity (2005): Cengiz N+, Pediatr Nephrol 20(9), 1355 Pain (10%) (triple therapy) (1998): Scott BB, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(3), 277 (10%) Porphyria cutanea tarda BISOPROLOL Trade names: Concor; Cordalin; Detensiel; Emcor; Fondril; Monocor; Soprol; Zebeta (Barr); Ziac (Barr) Indications: Hypertension Category: Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist Half-life: 9–12 hours Ziac is bisoprolol and hydrochlorothiazide Reactions Skin Acne Angioedema Diaphoresis (1%) Eczema Edema (3%) Exanthems Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema Lupus erythematosus Peripheral edema (1–10%) Photosensitivity Pigmentation Pruritus Psoriasis Purpura Rash (sic) (1–10%) Raynaud’s phenomenon (1–10%) Urticaria Xerosis Mucosal Xerostomia (1.3%) Hair Hair – alopecia Nails Nails – pigmentation Other Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (1–10%) Peyronie’s disease BIVALIRUDIN Synonym: Hirulog Trade name: Angiomax (The Medicines Company) Indications: Angioplasty adjunct Category: Thrombin inhibitor Half-life: 25 minutes Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: anisindione, dicumarol, heparin, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, urokinase, warfarin Other Infections Injection-site pain (8%) Pain (15%) Reactions BLACK COHOSH Scientific names: Actaea macrotys; Actaea racemosa; Cimicifuga racemosa Family: Ranunculaceae Trade and other common names: Baneberry; Black Snake root; Bugbane; Bugwort; Macrotys; Rattletop; Rattleweed; Remifemin (PhytoPharmica/Enzymatic Therapy; Schaper & Brummer); Shengma; Squawroot Category: Phytoestrogen Purported indications and other uses: Anxiety, arthritis, asthma, cardiovascular and circulatory problems, climacteric, menstrual and premenstrual disorders, colds, cough, constipation, depression, kidney disorders, malaria, sore throat, tinnitus Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: estrogens, salicylates, tamoxifen Reactions Skin Diaphoresis (1996): Newell CA+, Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press (1985): Duke JA, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (overdose) Jaundice (2002): Whiting PW+, Med J Aust 177(8), 440 Petechiae (forearms) Pruritus (2002): Whiting PW+, Med J Aust 177(8), 440 Rash (sic) (2003): Huntley A+, Menopause 10(1), 58 Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (2006): Minciullo PL+, Phytomedicine 13(1-2), 115 Note: In 2001, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists stated that black cohosh might be helpful in the short term (6 months or less) for women with vasomotor symptoms of menopause
- Page 94 and 95: Other Abdominal pain (2005): Turgeo
- Page 96 and 97: (1982): van Ketel WG, Contact Derma
- Page 98 and 99: Exanthems Photosensitivity (1984):
- Page 100 and 101: (1980): Lawyer CH+, J Allergy Clin
- Page 102 and 103: Purpura (2%) (1983): Fogoros RN+, C
- Page 104 and 105: (2006): Piller LB+, J Clin Hyperten
- Page 106 and 107: (2006): Gonzalez-Delgado P+, Allerg
- Page 108 and 109: Chills (2004): Martino R, Curr Med
- Page 110 and 111: AMPRENAVIR* Trade name: Agenerase (
- Page 112 and 113: (2001): Ahrendt DM, Am Fam Physicia
- Page 114 and 115: (1999): Ellenberg SS, Center for Bi
- Page 116 and 117: (1996): Martinelli L+, Ann Thorac S
- Page 118 and 119: (2003): Uede K+, Br J Dermatol 149(
- Page 120 and 121: ARTEMISIA Scientific names: Artemis
- Page 122 and 123: ASPIRIN Synonyms: acetylsalicylic a
- Page 124 and 125: ATAZANAVIR Trade name: Reyataz (Bri
- Page 126 and 127: (1999): Oakley A, Hamilton, New Zea
- Page 128 and 129: (2002): Robenshtok E+, Isr Med Asso
- Page 130 and 131: Scleroderma (1993): Choy E+, Br J R
- Page 132 and 133: (1997): Epstein ME+, JAmAcadDermato
- Page 134 and 135: Hair Hair - hypertrichosis (3-10%)
- Page 136 and 137: (1997): Banac S+, Acta Paediatr 86(
- Page 138 and 139: BENZALKONIUM Synonyms: parasterol;
- Page 140 and 141: (2002): Gruson LM+, Arch Pediatr Ad
- Page 142 and 143: (2000): Bedikian AY+, Oncol Rep 7,
- Page 146 and 147: BLEOMYCIN Synonyms: bleo; BLM Trade
- Page 148 and 149: BLOODROOT Scientific name: Sanguina
- Page 150 and 151: Punctate keratitis (2004): Northing
- Page 152 and 153: BROMFENAC Trade name: Xibrom (ISTA
- Page 154 and 155: Erythema multiforme (
- Page 156 and 157: Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxici
- Page 158 and 159: (1989): Ackerman WE+, Can J Anaesth
- Page 160 and 161: CALFACTANT Trade name: Infasurf (Fo
- Page 162 and 163: CAPSICUM Scientific names: Capsicum
- Page 164 and 165: Lupus erythematosus (2002): Ratliff
- Page 166 and 167: Corneal edema Eyelid twitching Kera
- Page 168 and 169: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1-10%) (2
- Page 170 and 171: Porphyria variegata (2001): Grieco
- Page 172 and 173: (1983): Rollings HE+, Curr Ther Res
- Page 174 and 175: Dermatitis (1986): Hirata M+, Kokyu
- Page 176 and 177: Other Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaph
- Page 178 and 179: Other Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaph
- Page 180 and 181: Other Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaph
- Page 182 and 183: Candidiasis (
- Page 184 and 185: Herpes zoster (
- Page 186 and 187: Hypersensitivity Injection-site pai
- Page 188 and 189: Other Abdominal pain (25%) Anaphyla
- Page 190 and 191: CHLORAMBUCIL Trade names: Chloramin
- Page 192 and 193: (1992): Ramselaar CG+, Br J Urol 70
70 BISMUTH<br />
(1980): Allain P+, Therapie (French) 35(3), 303<br />
Embolia cutis medicamentosa (Nicolau syndrome)<br />
(2001): Corazza M+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 15(6), 585<br />
Hypersensitivity<br />
(1998): Lim PV+, JLaryngolOtol112(4), 335 (impregnated tape)<br />
(1981): Anchupane IS+, Vestn Dermatol Venerol (Russian) Nov<br />
11, 63<br />
Injection-site lymphoma<br />
(1984): Krivitzky A+, Ann Med Interne (Paris) (French)<br />
135(3), 205<br />
Nephrotoxicity<br />
(2005): Cengiz N+, Pediatr Nephrol 20(9), 1355<br />
Pain (10%) (triple therapy)<br />
(1998): Scott BB, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(3), 277 (10%)<br />
Porphyria cutanea tarda<br />
BISOPROLOL<br />
Trade names: Concor; Cordalin; Detensiel; Emcor; Fondril;<br />
Monocor; Soprol; Zebeta (Barr); Ziac (Barr)<br />
Indications: Hypertension<br />
Category: Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist<br />
Half-life: 9–12 hours<br />
Ziac is bisoprolol <strong>and</strong> hydrochlorothiazide<br />
Reactions<br />
Skin<br />
Acne<br />
Angioedema<br />
Diaphoresis (1%)<br />
Eczema<br />
Edema (3%)<br />
Exanthems<br />
Exfoliative dermatitis<br />
Facial edema<br />
Lupus erythematosus<br />
Peripheral edema (1–10%)<br />
Photosensitivity<br />
Pigmentation<br />
Pruritus<br />
Psoriasis<br />
Purpura<br />
Rash (sic) (1–10%)<br />
Raynaud’s phenomenon (1–10%)<br />
Urticaria<br />
Xerosis<br />
Mucosal<br />
Xerostomia (1.3%)<br />
Hair<br />
Hair – alopecia<br />
Nails<br />
Nails – pigmentation<br />
Other<br />
Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis<br />
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (1–10%)<br />
Peyronie’s disease<br />
BIVALIRUDIN<br />
Synonym: Hirulog<br />
Trade name: Angiomax (The Medicines Company)<br />
Indications: Angioplasty adjunct<br />
Category: Thrombin inhibitor<br />
Half-life: 25 minutes<br />
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />
with: anisindione, dicumarol, heparin, reteplase, streptokinase,<br />
tenecteplase, urokinase, warfarin<br />
Other<br />
Infections<br />
Injection-site pain (8%)<br />
Pain (15%)<br />
Reactions<br />
BLACK COHOSH<br />
Scientific names: Actaea macrotys; Actaea racemosa; Cimicifuga<br />
racemosa<br />
Family: Ranunculaceae<br />
Trade <strong>and</strong> other common names: Baneberry; Black Snake<br />
root; Bugbane; Bugwort; Macrotys; Rattletop; Rattleweed;<br />
Remifemin (PhytoPharmica/Enzymatic Therapy; Schaper &<br />
Brummer); Shengma; Squawroot<br />
Category: Phytoestrogen<br />
Purported indications <strong>and</strong> other uses: Anxiety, arthritis,<br />
asthma, cardiovascular <strong>and</strong> circulatory problems, climacteric,<br />
menstrual <strong>and</strong> premenstrual disorders, colds, cough, constipation,<br />
depression, kidney disorders, malaria, sore throat, tinnitus<br />
Half-life: N/A<br />
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions<br />
with: estrogens, salicylates, tamoxifen<br />
Reactions<br />
Skin<br />
Diaphoresis<br />
(1996): Newell CA+, Herbal Medicine: A Guide for Healthcare<br />
Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press<br />
(1985): Duke JA, H<strong>and</strong>book of Medicinal Herbs, CRC Press, Boca<br />
Raton, FL (overdose)<br />
Jaundice<br />
(2002): Whiting PW+, Med J Aust 177(8), 440<br />
Petechiae (forearms)<br />
Pruritus<br />
(2002): Whiting PW+, Med J Aust 177(8), 440<br />
Rash (sic)<br />
(2003): Huntley A+, Menopause 10(1), 58<br />
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity<br />
(2006): Minciullo PL+, Phytomedicine 13(1-2), 115<br />
Note: In 2001, the American College of Obstetricians <strong>and</strong><br />
Gynecologists stated that black cohosh might be helpful in the short<br />
term (6 months or less) for women with vasomotor symptoms of<br />
menopause
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