Drug Eruption and Interactions - PHARMACEUTICAL REVIEW

BISMUTH
Trade names: Bismatrol; Bismuth subcitrate; Bismuth subgallate
(colostomy deodorant); Bismuth subnitrate and Bismuth idoform
paraffin paste (BIPP); Bismuth sucralfate; Caved-S; Colo-Fresh;
De-Nol; Devrom; Diotame; Helidac (Prometheus); Pepto-Bismol
(Procter & Gamble); Pink Bismuth
Indications: As part of ‘triple therapy’ (antibiotics + bismuth) for
eradication of H. pylori. Bismuth subgallate initiates clotting via
activation of factor XII, and is used for bleeding during
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. BIPP impregnated ribbon
gauze is used for packing following ear surgery. Bismuth
subsalicylate is in OTC products for gastrointestinal complaints
and peptic ulcer disease.
Category: Disinfectant; Heavy metal
Half-life: 21–72 days
Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions
with: aspirin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, hypoglycemics,
lomefloxacin, methotrexate, minocycline, tetracycline, warfarin
Reactions
Skin
Adverse effects (sic) (triple therapy)
(2001): Danese S+, Hepatogastroenterology 48(38), 465
(2001): Sotudehmanesh R+, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16(3), 264
(2000): de Boer WA+, Am J Gastroenterol 95(3), 641
(2000): Malekzadeh R+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14(3), 299
(2000): Spinzi GC+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 14(3), 325
(1999): Monkemuller KE+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(5), 661
(1999): Olafsson S+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(5), 651
(1999): Xiao SD+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 13(3), 311
(1998): Cammarota G+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(6), 539
(1998): Cestari R, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(10), 991
(1998): Dobrucali A+, Wien Med Wochenschr (German)
148(20), 464
(1998): Lerang F+, Am J Gastroenterol 93(2), 212
(1998): Ricciardiello L+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(6), 533
(1998): Spadaccini A+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(10), 997
(1998): van der Wouden EJ+, Am J Gastroenterol 93(8), 1228
(1997): Henriksen M+, Am J Gastroenterol 92, 653
(1997): Huang JQ+, J Gastroenterol Hepatol 12(8), 590
(1997): Kolkman JJ+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 11(6), 1123
(1997): Kung NN+, Am J Gastroenterol 92(3), 438
(1997): Laine L+, Am J Gastroenterol 92(12), 2213
(1996): Thijs JC+, Am J Gastroenterol 91(1), 93
(1996): van der Hulst RW+, Helicobacter 1(1), 6
(1996): Weldon MJ+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 10(3), 279
(1995): al-Assi MT+, Am J Gastroenterol 90(3), 403
(1995): Hoffenberg P+, Rev Med Chil 123(2), 185
(1995): Rauws EA+, Drugs 50(6), 984
(1995): Webb DD+, Am J Gastroenterol 90(8), 1273
(1994): Borody TJ+, Am J Gastroenterol 89(1), 33
(1994): Hentschel E, Wien Klin Wochenschr (German)
106(17), 543
(1994): Park KN+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 6 (Suppl 1), S103
(1994): Reijers MH+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 8(3), 351
(sucralfate)
(1994): Wilhelmsen I+, Hepatogastroenterol 41(1), 43
(1993): Malfertheiner P, Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 196, 34
(1992): Berstad K+, Scand J Gastroenterol 27(12), 1006
(1992): Burgess E+, Drug Saf 7(4), 282
(1992): Wilhelmsen I+, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen (Norwegian)
112(25), 3197
(1990): Steffen R, Rev Infect Dis 12(Suppl1), S80 (subsalicylate)
(1989): Bradley B+, J Clin Pharm Ther 14(6), 423 (subsalicylate
and subcitrate)
(1988): Borsch G, Med Klin (German) 83(18), 605
(1988): Dipalma JR, Am Fam Physician 38(5), 244
(1988): Eskens GT, Postgrad Med J 64(755), 724
(1980): Fournier PE, Therapie (French) 35(3), 319
(1980): Henderson IW, Can Med Assoc J 123(9), 848
Allergic reactions (sic)
(1985): Jones PH, JLaryngolOtol99(4), 389
(1981): Anchupane IS+, Vestn Dermatol Venerol (Russian) 11, 63
Angioedema (subcitrate)
(1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch)
138(3), 152
Dermatitis
(2001): Wictorin A+, Contact Dermatitis 45(5), 318 (ointment)
(1987): Goh CL+, Contact Dermatitis 16(2), 109 (subnitrate)
Erythema (subcitrate)
(1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch)
138(3), 152
Exanthems (subcitrate)
(1994): Ottervanger JP+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch)
138(3), 152
Exfoliative dermatitis
Fixed eruption
(1981): Granstein RD+, JAmAcadDermatol5, 1
Livedo reticularis
(2005): Gibbs MB+, JAmAcadDermatol52(6), 1009
Pigmentation
(1997): Ruiz-Maldonado R+, JAmAcadDermatol37(3), 489
(1993): Zala L+, Dermatology 187(4), 288
(1981): Granstein RD+, JAmAcadDermatol5(1), 1
Pityriasis rosea
(2006): Hanjani NM+, Cutis 77(3), 166
Prurigo pigmentosa
(1987): Dijkstra JW+, Int J Dermatol 26(6), 379
Pruritus (triple therapy)
(1998): Pozzato P+, Aliment Pharmacol Ther 12(5), 447
Rash (sic)
(1990): Burnett JW, Cutis 45(4), 220
Vasculitis
Mucosal
Gingivitis
(1989): Slikkerveer A+, Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp 4(5), 303
(subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate)
Oral pigmentation
(1984): Sutak J+, Prakt Zuban Lek (Czech) 32(6), 166
(1983): Dayan D+, Clin Prev Dent 5(3), 25 (after root canal filling
with AH-26)
Stomatitis
(1990): Burnett JW, Cutis 45(4), 220
(1989): Slikkerveer A+, Med Toxicol Adverse rug Exp 4(5), 303
(subnitrate, subcarbonate and subgallate)
Tongue pigmentation (>10%)
(2001): Ioffreda MD+, Arch Dermatol 137(7), 968 (black)
(1987): DuPont HL+, JAMA 257(10), 1347 (black)
Xerostomia (41%) (triple therapy)
(2001): Kaviani MJ+, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 13(8), 915
Hair
Hair – alopecia
(1990): Gollnick H+, ZHaut(German) 65, 1128
BISMUTH 69
Other
Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis
(2002): More D+, Allergy 57(6), 558
Death
(1991): Sainsbury SJ, West J Med 155(6), 637 (subsalicylate)
(1990): Jones JA, Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 69(6), 668 (BIPP)
(1989): Hudson M+, BMJ 299(6692), 159 (subcitrate)
(1985): Sanz Gallen P+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 84(13), 538