Marioara Urda _Grebenisan_ rezumat_teza_engleza - USAMV Cluj ...
Marioara Urda _Grebenisan_ rezumat_teza_engleza - USAMV Cluj ... Marioara Urda _Grebenisan_ rezumat_teza_engleza - USAMV Cluj ...
Marioara GREBENIŞAN Summary of the PhD thesis Research on the structure of di- and tetraploid red clover seed plants and the influence of meiotic anomalies on the fertility of autotetraploid forms THESIS CONTENT Foreword ………………………………………………………………………. CHAPTER I 1. Autopolyploidy-genetic phenomenon and comparative aspects with diploid red clover ………………………………………………………. 1.1. General view ………………………………………………………... 1.2. Selection for the seed number per flower head ……………………... 1.3. The importance of red clover culture and main objectives studied …. 1.3.1 Production capacity ……………………………………………. 1.3.2. Chemical composition ………………………………………… 1.3.3. Nutritional value ………………………………………………. 1.3.4. Agrotechnical importance ……………………………………... 1.3.5. Honey plants …………………………………………………... 1.3.6. Ecological plasticity …………………………………………… 1.4. Induction of polyploidy in red clover ……………………………….. 1.4.1. Methods used in inducing polyploidy 1.5. Comparative aspects between diploid and tetraploid forms of red clover ……………………………………………………………. 1.5.1. Plant morphology ……………………………………………… 1.5.2. Anatomical characters of stem ………………………………… 1.5.3. Characteristics of sexual elements …………………………….. 1.5.4. Physiological characters ………………………………………. 1.5.5. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of production ……………. 1.6. Causes of low fertility in red clover with different levelsof ploidy … 1.6.1. Morphological causes …………………………………………. 1.6.1.1. Changing productivity elements for seed yield ………... 1.6.2. Modification of morphological characters that affect pollinating insects flight ……………………………………………………... 1.6.3. Red clover pollinating species and ways to improve their work ……. 1.6.4. Cytological causes …………………………………………….. 1.6.4.1. Meiosis abnormalities …………………………………. 1.6.4.2. Meiosis in autotetraploid red clover …………………... 1.6.4.3. Aneuploidy ……………………………………………... 1.6.5. Embryological causes …………………………………………. 1.6.6. Genetic causes …………………………………………………. 1.6.7. Parasterility ……………………………………………………. 1.6.8.Independent causes of the genetic basis ……………………….. C H A P T E R I I 2. Pedoclimatic conditions in which experiments were conducted ……… 2.1. Experiment location ……………………………………………... 2.2. Agro-physical, hydro-physical, agrochemical and agro-biological traits of soil ……………………………………………………... 2 11 13 13 18 21 21 22 22 22 23 23 23 23 27 27 28 28 29 31 32 33 33 35 37 40 40 40 42 44 47 50 54 58 58 60
Marioara GREBENIŞAN Summary of the PhD thesis Research on the structure of di- and tetraploid red clover seed plants and the influence of meiotic anomalies on the fertility of autotetraploid forms 2.3. Climatic conditions in which experiments were conducted …….. 2.3.1. Thermal regime …………………………………………. 2.3.2. Rainfall …………………………………………………... 2.3.3. Other weather conditions ………………………………… C H A P T E R I I I 3. Research on the structure of red clover seed plants and the effect on seed yield …………………………………………………………….. 3.1. Introduction ……………………………………………………… 3.2. Materials and methods …………………………………………... 3.3. Results and discussion …………………………………………... 3.3.1. Components of red clover seed yield ……………………. 3.3.1.1. Number of flower heads/plant and per s. m ……… 3.3.2. The number of flowers/flower head ……………………... 3.3.3. The number of seeds per flower head ……………………. 3.3.4. The average percentage of seeds formation ……………… 3.3.5. Thousand kernel weight (TKW) …………………………. 3.3.6. The calculated and real seed yield ……………………….. 3.3.6.1. Flowering stages and seed yield …………………. C A P I T O L U L I V 4. Pollination and seed formation process in diploid and tetraploid red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) for Transylvania conditions ……………………… 4.1. Red clover pollination particularities in relation with the number and type of pollinators …………………………………………………………. 4.1.1. Introduction ……………………………………………… 4.1.1.1. Research method ………………………………… 4.2. Result and disscutions ………………………………………… 4.2.1. Abiotic and biotic factors involved in red clover pollination ………………………………………………... 4.2.2. Flowering period ………………………………………… 4.2.3. Pollinators distribution in seed crops ……………………. 4.2.4. Total number of bees and bumble bees ………………….. 4.2.5. Daily frequency of bees and bumble bees ……………….. 4.2.6. Bees and bumble bees waiting time on red clover flower heads ……………………………………………………….... 4.2.7. Comparative aspects regarding the total number of “insect-units” and the relative fertility of red clover ……. 4.3. Aspects of correlation between weather conditions and pollinators flight ……………………………………………………………. CHAPTER V 5. The comparative effects of the micro- and macrosporogenesis of the red clover with different levels of ploidy, in relation with its fertility ……… 5.1. The evolution of embryogenesis and its influence on fertility …. 3 68 70 72 75 76 76 81 84 84 85 89 94 96 98 100 105 113 113 113 115 116 116 122 125 127 129 132 133 135 139 139
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<strong>Marioara</strong> GREBENIŞAN Summary of the PhD thesis<br />
Research on the structure of di- and tetraploid red clover seed plants and the influence of meiotic<br />
anomalies on the fertility of autotetraploid forms<br />
THESIS CONTENT<br />
Foreword ……………………………………………………………………….<br />
CHAPTER I<br />
1. Autopolyploidy-genetic phenomenon and comparative aspects with<br />
diploid red clover ……………………………………………………….<br />
1.1. General view ………………………………………………………...<br />
1.2. Selection for the seed number per flower head ……………………...<br />
1.3. The importance of red clover culture and main objectives studied ….<br />
1.3.1 Production capacity …………………………………………….<br />
1.3.2. Chemical composition …………………………………………<br />
1.3.3. Nutritional value ……………………………………………….<br />
1.3.4. Agrotechnical importance ……………………………………...<br />
1.3.5. Honey plants …………………………………………………...<br />
1.3.6. Ecological plasticity ……………………………………………<br />
1.4. Induction of polyploidy in red clover ………………………………..<br />
1.4.1. Methods used in inducing polyploidy<br />
1.5. Comparative aspects between diploid and tetraploid forms of<br />
red clover …………………………………………………………….<br />
1.5.1. Plant morphology ………………………………………………<br />
1.5.2. Anatomical characters of stem …………………………………<br />
1.5.3. Characteristics of sexual elements ……………………………..<br />
1.5.4. Physiological characters ……………………………………….<br />
1.5.5. Quantitative and qualitative aspects of production …………….<br />
1.6. Causes of low fertility in red clover with different levelsof ploidy …<br />
1.6.1. Morphological causes ………………………………………….<br />
1.6.1.1. Changing productivity elements for seed yield ………...<br />
1.6.2. Modification of morphological characters that affect pollinating<br />
insects flight ……………………………………………………...<br />
1.6.3. Red clover pollinating species and ways to improve their work …….<br />
1.6.4. Cytological causes ……………………………………………..<br />
1.6.4.1. Meiosis abnormalities ………………………………….<br />
1.6.4.2. Meiosis in autotetraploid red clover …………………...<br />
1.6.4.3. Aneuploidy ……………………………………………...<br />
1.6.5. Embryological causes ………………………………………….<br />
1.6.6. Genetic causes ………………………………………………….<br />
1.6.7. Parasterility …………………………………………………….<br />
1.6.8.Independent causes of the genetic basis ………………………..<br />
C H A P T E R I I<br />
2. Pedoclimatic conditions in which experiments were conducted ………<br />
2.1. Experiment location ……………………………………………...<br />
2.2. Agro-physical, hydro-physical, agrochemical and agro-biological<br />
traits of soil ……………………………………………………...<br />
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