Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
Flight Training Instruction - Cnatra - U.S. Navy
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700. HOLDING<br />
CHAPTER SEVEN<br />
HOLDING PROCEDURES<br />
Objective. Holding is a predetermined maneuver which keeps aircraft within a specified<br />
airspace while awaiting further clearance from Air Traffic Control.<br />
Discussion. Holding can be accomplished at an intersection, GPS Waypoint, DME fix, or<br />
navigation facility. When ATC clears an aircraft to hold, a specified airspace oriented around<br />
the holding fix is reserved, clear of other traffic. The extent of the cleared airspace is based on<br />
the maximum holding airspeed, as listed in the FLIP GP and FAA AIM. Maximum airspeed for<br />
aircraft is as follows:<br />
0-6000’ MSL 200 KIAS<br />
6001-14,000’ MSL 230 KIAS<br />
Above 14,000’ MSL 265 KIAS<br />
USAF Airfields 310 KIAS (unless otherwise depicted)<br />
USN Airfields 230 KIAS (unless otherwise depicted)<br />
NOTE<br />
Slow to holding airspeed three minutes prior to reaching the<br />
holding fix. In the T-6B, students may use 5 NM prior.<br />
Clearance: ATC should issue holding clearance at least five minutes before the aircraft reaches<br />
the clearance limit. The elements of the holding clearance are as follows:<br />
1. The direction to hold from the holding fix. This is the general compass location in terms of<br />
the eight cardinal compass points (i.e., N, NE, E, SE, etc.).<br />
2. The name of the holding fix (may be omitted if included at the beginning of the<br />
transmission as the clearance limit).<br />
3. The radial, course, bearing, airway, or route on which the aircraft is to hold.<br />
4. Leg length in miles if DME is to be used.<br />
5. Direction of turn if left turns are to be made (referred to as non–standard holding).<br />
6. Time to expect further clearance and any pertinent additional delay information (times are<br />
given in ZULU/GMT).<br />
HOLDING PROCEDURES 7-1