The Cambridge Mint After The Norman Conquest - Royal ...

THE CAMBRIDGE MINT AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST 237
The Cambridge Mint After The Norman Conquest
MARTIN ALLEN
PLATE 33
IN 1871, when W.G. Searle published a survey of the coins, tokens and medals of
Cambridgeshire, the known issues of the Cambridge mint extended from the Reform type
of Eadgar in the 970s to the Paxs type (William I BMC type 8) in the 1080s. 1 During the
twentieth century the list of post-Conquest coins of Cambridge grew, and when Kenneth
Jacob published his study of the Cambridge mint in the 1980s the recent discovery of a penny
of Henry I type 5 (Voided Cross and Fleurs) carried the known history of the mint into the
early years of the twelfth century. 2 Further discoveries have increased the number of twelfthcentury
types recorded for the mint to six (four of Henry I and two of Stephen), ending with
the ‘Awbridge’ type (Stephen type 7) in 1153/4-58. This note provides a new corpus of the
post-Conquest coins of Cambridge, incorporating the recent discoveries. The coins are listed
in the Appendix, and twenty-one of the twenty-three known or suspected die-combinations
are illustrated. 3
The 6,539 coins in the published list of the Beauworth hoard of 1833 included thirty-one
Paxs pennies of the Cambridge moneyer Ulfcil, all apparently from the same pair of dies. 4
Marion Archibald has suggested that the lead container of the Beauworth hoard may have
had the capacity to hold 100 marks (16,000 pennies), but it is diffi cult to believe that there
can be substantially more than the published total of thirty-one Cambridge coins from the
hoard. 5 The Tamworth hoard, found in 1877, provided two coins of a new moneyer (Wibern)
from the type immediately after Paxs (Profi le; William II type 1). 6 Thirty years later P.W.P.
Carlyon-Britton’s review of the mints of William I and William II signifi cantly increased
the list of types and moneyers, adding Godric in the fi rst (Profi le/Cross Fleury) type of
William I, Ælmær and Odbearn in the fourth type (Two Sceptres), and Ulfcil (Ulfcitl) in
1 W.G. Searle, The Coins, Tokens and Medals of the Town, County and University of Cambridge, Cambridge
Antiquarian Society Octavo Publications 12 (Cambridge, 1871), pp. iii, 1-5.
2 K.A. Jacob, ‘The mint of Cambridge’, SCMB 786 (Feb. 1984), 34-43; SCMB 787 (March 1984), pp. 72-6, at
p. 75; SCMB 789 (May 1984), p. 134; Anon., ‘A new Henry I penny of Cambridge’, SCMB 716 (April 1978), pp.
104-5.
3 Two die-combinations (nos 7 and 10 in the Appendix) have been inferred from entries in unillustrated sale
catalogues.
4 E. Hawkins, ‘Description of a large collection of coins of William the Conqueror, discovered at Beaworth, in
Hampshire; with an attempt at a chronological arrangement of the coins of William I. and II.’, Archaeologia 26
(1836), pp. 1-25, pl. I; reprinted in R. Ruding, Annals of the Coinage of Great Britain and its Dependencies from the
Earliest Period of Authentic History to the Reign of Victoria, 3 vols (London, 1840), I, pp. 151-62.
5 M.M. Archibald and B.J. Cook, English Medieval Coin Hoards: I. Cross and Crosslets, Short Cross and Long
Cross Hoards, BM Occasional Paper 87 (London, 2001), pp. 91-4. Only twelve Paxs pennies of Cambridge are
listed below (pp. 242-3)
6 2 C.F. Keary, ‘Discovery of coins of William I and William II at Tamworth’, NC 17 (1877), pp. 340-6, at p. 342;
I. Stewart, ‘Coins of William II from the Shillington hoard’, NC 152 (1992), pp. 111-32, at p. 130.

238
MARTIN ALLEN
the seventh (Profi le/Cross and Trefoils). 7 G.C. Brooke’s catalogue of the British Museum’s
Norman coins, published in 1916, added Ælmaer (Æglmae) and Ulfcil in the Two Stars type
of William I (type 5), and Wib(e)rn in William II types 2 (Cross in Quatrefoil) and 3 (Cross
Voided). 8 It was now apparent that the mint had been active at various times from the Norman
Conquest to the 1090s, but there were no later coins reliably attributed to the Cambridge
mint, suggesting that it did not survive into the twelfth century. In 1883 the publication of the
Linton hoard had included a penny of Stephen type 2 (Cross Voided and Mullets) which was
believed to have a Cambridge mint-signature (GRAN), but Brooke identifi ed this as a coin of
the Sandwich moneyer Wulfric, reading SAN. 9 The fi rst indisputable coin of the Cambridge
mint in the twelfth century was the penny of Henry I type 5 published in 1978, and a cut
halfpenny from the same dies was found in 1983. 10 It is now possible to add fi ve later types
to the known issues of the mint.
In the early 1990s the late Dr David Rogers acquired a cut halfpenny, said to have been
found in the River Thames in April 1991, which was the basis of the listing of the Cambridge
mint in Henry I type 6 (Pointing Bust and Stars) in the third (1994) edition of J.J. North’s
English Hammered Coinage. 11 This coin was donated to the Fitzwilliam Museum by Paul and
Bente Withers in March 2005, and it has been published by Mark Blackburn. 12 Unfortunately
the name of the moneyer is unknown, as it was on the half of the coin not available to us. The
next addition to the corpus of the mint in the reign of Henry I (1100-35) was type 13 (Star
in Lozenge Fleury), recorded from two coins also acquired by the Fitzwilliam Museum, in
2001. The fi rst of these two coins, which are from the same obverse die used with different
reverse dies, was originally acquired by Dr William Conte in 1991, and the second coin
was found by a metal-detector user near Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire, in August 2001. These
two coins provided a new moneyer’s name, Algar Fresa, which may be an extended version
of the name of the moneyer Frise, already recorded in William II type 2 and Henry I type
5. 13 The most recent addition to the corpus of the mint in the reign of Henry I is the coin
of type 11 (Double Inscription) in the hoard found at Pimprez, dép. Oise, France, in 2002. 14
The mint-signature (GRANTEBRIC) is unambiguous, but the name of the moneyer is only
partly legible. The name can be tentatively reconstructed as Dunninc, which is a relatively
common moneyer’s name in the early twelfth century, also found on Henry I coins of Exeter
and Hastings. If the name is Dunninc the moneyer may have been a member of the Dunning
family, which was the most prominent landed family in Cambridge in the twelfth century. 15
7 P.W.P. Carlyon-Britton, ‘A numismatic history of the reigns of William I and II (1066-1100). Part II’, BNJ 4
(1907), pp. 47-78, at pp. 57-60. Carlyon-Britton’s listing of William I type 7 was based upon an entry in an auction
catalogue (Edward Durrner sale, Sotheby, 20 Jan. 1853, lot 43), which has never been confi rmed.
8 G.C. Brooke, A Catalogue of English Coins in the British Museum. The Norman Kings, 2 vols (London, 1916),
I, pp. cc-cci.
9 G. Wakeford, ‘On a hoard of early English coins of Henry I and Stephen, 1135-40’, NC 3 3 (1883), pp. 108-16, at
pp. 110, 113; H. Montagu sale, Sotheby 11 May 1896, lot 322; Brooke, A Catalogue of English Coins, I, pp. cc-cci
n. The Old English name of Cambridge was Grantebrycge, and Domesday Book calls it Grentebrugia.
10 Anon., ‘A new Henry I penny of Cambridge’; M. Blackburn and M. Bonser, ‘A second Henry I coin of the
Cambridge mint’, SCMB 794 (October 1984), pp. 252-3. The moneyer of these new coins, Frise, had already been
recorded from a coin of William II type 2 in Stockholm (SCBI 11, 180).
11 J.J. North, English Hammered Coinage. Vol. 1. Early Anglo-Saxon to Henry III c.600-1272, 3rd edn (London,
1994), p. 199.
12 M. Blackburn, ‘Some unpublished coins of Henry I and Stephen’, BNJ 75 (2005), pp. 166-71, at pp. 166-7.
13 Two other double names have been recorded from post-Conquest coins: the Rochester moneyer Lifwine Horn in
William I types 5-8, and the London moneyer Aelfwine Sultan in Henry I types 4, 9 and 10.
14 Spink sale 6 Oct. 2004, lot 388.
15 F.W. Maitland, Township and Borough (Cambridge, 1898), pp. 134-6, 164-6; H.M. Cam, Liberties and
Communities in Medieval England. Collected Studies in Local Administration and Topography (Cambridge, 1944),
pp. 23-4.

THE CAMBRIDGE MINT AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST 239
There may well be further additions to the list of Cambridge coins in the reign of Henry I,
but on the present evidence it is possible that the Cambridge mint was closed by Henry I’s
Assize of Moneyers in 1124-5, which has been associated with the introduction of type 15
(Quadrilateral on Cross Fleury). 16
The Cambridge mint was active again in the reign of Stephen (1135-54). The Norman
coins acquired by the Fitzwilliam Museum from the Conte collection in 2001 included a
penny of Stephen type 1 (Cross Moline or Watford; 1135/6-c.1145), which is the second
known specimen of a remarkable issue of the Cambridge moneyer (He)reveu with a crescent
at the start of the obverse inscription and a radiant star or heraldic estoile at the end. 17 When
this coin appeared in the saleroom, in 1987, it was stated that it was believed to have been
found about twenty years earlier in the area of Corby, Northamptonshire. 18 In 1966 R.P.
Mack had published a similar coin from different dies in the Moscow Museum of Fine Arts
(now the Rumjanceff (Pushkin) Museum), which he was unable to attribute to a mint. 19 F.
Elmore Jones and C.E. Blunt independently published this coin in a review of the Norman
pennies in Moscow, 20 and it is now known that it came from the hoard found at Vaida in
Estonia in 1896. 21 Peter Seaby tentatively attributed the Moscow coin to a Sussex mint,
as a type 1 penny of Pevensey had a mullet in the same position as its estoile, and the two
letters of the end of the moneyer’s name visible (EV) might refer to the Lewes moneyer
Herrevi. 22 This suggestion is no longer tenable, as the Conte specimen reads [--]REVEV:ON:
GRA, unambiguously indicating that the mint is Cambridge. There is nothing in the style
of the two pairs of dies to suggest that they are not offi cial dies supplied from London, the
unusual symbols on the obverses notwithstanding. 23
There are no known Cambridge coins of the second and third substantive types of Stephen
(types 2 and 6), but a cut halfpenny of type 7 was found in the vicinity of Swineshead,
Lincolnshire, in about 1986 or 1987. 24 Unfortunately the moneyer’s name is not visible on
this coin, but the Cambridge mint-signature is clear. This extends the known issues of the
Cambridge mint to the last type before the introduction of Henry II’s Cross-and-Crosslets
(Tealby) coinage in 1158. At least twenty-fi ve of the mints of Stephen type 7 were closed
when the new coinage of 1158 was introduced, and the Cambridge mint was one of these. 25
It has been argued that the Norman Conquest had little immediate effect upon the English
coinage in general, but the Cambridge mint is an exception to this rule. 26 Four moneyers
16 M. Blackburn, ‘Coinage and currency under Henry I: a review’, Anglo-Norman Studies 13 (1990), pp. 49-81,
at pp. 64-71, 74.
17 M. Blackburn, ‘Coinage and currency’, in The Anarchy of King Stephen’s Reign, ed. E. King (Oxford, 1994),
pp. 146-205, at p. 181.
18 Sotheby, 26 March 1987, lot 106.
19 R.P. Mack, ‘Stephen and the Anarchy 1135-1154’, BNJ 35 (1966), pp. 38-115, at p. 71 and Pl. VI, 187y.
20 F. Elmore Jones and C.E. Blunt, ‘A remarkable parcel of Norman pennies in Moscow’, BNJ 36 (1967), pp. 86-
92, at pp. 86, 89, Pl. IV, 21.
21 A. Molvõgin and I. Leimus, ‘A unique hoard from Estonia’, Studia Numismatica. Fetschrift Arkadi Molvõgin,
ed. I. Leimus (Tallinn, 1995), pp. 103-25, at p. 118 (coin no. 374).
22 P. Seaby, ‘A Stephen ‘Star’ variant of Pevensey’, BNJ 54 (1984), pp. 291-2, at p. 291.
23 M.M. Archibald, ‘Dating Stephen’s fi rst type’, BNJ 61 (1991), pp. 9-22, at pp. 10-11, 17-18, analyses the style
of offi cial type 1 dies.
24 Reported to the Fitzwilliam Museum’s Corpus of Early Medieval Coin Finds (www.fi tzmuseum.cam.ac.uk/
coins/emc) in 2001 (EMC 2001.0038).
25 M. Allen, ‘The English coinage of 1153/4-1158’, BNJ 76 (2006), pp. 242-302 at pp. 245-6. The number of
closed mints increases to twenty-six if the Stamford mint, doubtfully recorded from a coin with an ambiguous mintsignature,
is included. R.J. Eaglen, ‘Choice of mints for the Tealby Issue’, NCirc 111 (2003), pp. 5-6, reviews the
closure of mints in 1158.
26 M. Dolley, The Norman Conquest and the English Coinage (London, 1966), pp. 8-15, 34-5 discusses the
continuity in mints, moneyers, weight standards and die production after 1066.

240
MARTIN ALLEN
(Brihtric, Godwine, Saecolf and Wulfwi) have been recorded from Cambridge coins of
Harold II in 1066, but none of these moneyers is known after the Conquest. 27 Only one
moneyer (Godric) has been recorded from the Cambridge coins of William I’s fi rst type,
but two moneyers have been recorded in types 4 and 5, and this may have been the normal
complement of moneyers in Cambridge after 1066. Ælmær is known in types 4 and 5, with
Odbearn in type 4 and Ulfcil in type 5. Ulfcil is the only moneyer of the Paxs (type 8) pence
of Cambridge in the Beauworth hoard. He was apparently replaced by Wibern in William II
type 1, but there are two Cambridge moneyers (Wibern and Frise) in type 2. Only Wibern has
been recorded in William II type 3, but the Henry I type 5 coins of Frise show that he continued
in offi ce into the early twelfth century. Some indication of the relative insignifi cance of the
output of the Cambridge mint in the late eleventh century is provided by the published list
of the Beauworth hoard, in which the 31 coins of Cambridge are only about 0.5 per cent of
the total of 6,539. 28 The present total of only nine Cambridge coins struck between 1100 and
1158 suggests that the mint continued to make no more than a very minor contribution to the
English currency in the twelfth century. Only one moneyer has been recorded so far in each
type, but as none of the types of 1100-58 is known from more than two coins it would be
unsafe to assume that Cambridge always had a single moneyer in the twelfth century. Frise
or Algar Fresa may well have been in offi ce at the same time as the moneyer of Henry I type
11 (Dunninc?). The Cambridge moneyers presumably had their own individual workshops,
like the well documented Winchester moneyers, but there seems to be no documentary or
archaeological evidence for the location of these workshops in Cambridge. 29
In the Appendix the die combinations are numbered in one sequence, and the coins
recorded from each of them are indicated by numerical suffi xes. The existence of two of
the die combinations (7 and 10) has been inferred from written descriptions alone, without
access to illustrations or the actual coins. The present location of each coin is listed, where
known, with other available information on their provenance and relevant publications. The
weights of the coins are given in grams, or in grains with a conversion to grams when they
were originally recorded in grains.
APPENDIX: COINS OF THE CAMBRIDGE MINT, 1066-1158
Abbreviations
BM British Museum
FM Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge
wnr weight not recorded
27 H. Pagan, ‘The coinage of Harold II’, in Studies in Late Anglo-Saxon Coinage in Memory of Bror Emil
Hildebrand, ed. K. Jonsson, Swedish Numismatic Society Numismatic Essays 35 (Stockholm, 1990), pp. 177-205,
at pp. 195, 202.
28 See n. 4.
29 The documentary evidence for the location of moneyers’ workshops of eleventh- and twelfth-century Winchester
is discussed by Winchester in the Early Middle Ages. An Edition and Discussion of the Winton Domesday, ed. M.
Biddle, Winchester Studies 1 (Oxford, 1976), pp. 396-422; D.M. Metcalf, ‘The premises of early medieval mints: the
case of eleventh-century Winchester’, in I luoghi della moneta le sedi delle zecche dall’antichità all’età moderno.
Atti del convegno internazionale 22-23 ottobre 1999 Milano, ed. R. La Guardia (Milan, 2001), pp. 59-67.

THE CAMBRIDGE MINT AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST 241
William I type 1 (Profi le/Cross Fleury)
1 Obv. +[---]LEMV REIX I
Rev. +GOD[--]C ON GRANT
(1.1) Norwich Castle Museum (SCBI 26, 1348); ex Norwich (Garlands) hoard
(T.H.McK. Clough, ‘A small hoard of William I type I pennies from Norwich’,
BNJ 43 (1973), pp. 142-3, no. 1); 1.03 g (broken); Pl. 33, 1.
2 Obv. +PILLEMVS REX (large pellet in fi eld, to l. of neck)
Rev. +GODRIC ON GRANT
(2.1) BM (BMC 5); ex W. Garton 1857; BNJ 2 (1905), Pl. I, 8; BNJ 4 (1907), Pl.
VII, 1; 1.32 g; Pl. 33, 2.
William I type 4 (Two Sceptres)
3 Obv. +PILLEM REX ANGLO
Rev. +ÆLMÆR ON GRANT
(3.1) FM; ex P.W.P. Carlyon-Britton sale, Sotheby, 17 Nov. 1913, lot 697 (part);
BNJ 4 (1907), Pl. VII, 2; 1.39 g; Pl. 33, 3.
4 Obv. +PILLEM REX ANGLO
Rev. +ODBEARN ON GRANT
(4.1) FM; 1.27 g; Pl. 33, 4.
(4.2) John Dresser (SCBI 30, 693); bought Spink 1949; ex P.W.P. Carlyon-Britton
sale, Sotheby, 20 Nov. 1916, lot 1223; BNJ 4 (1907), pl. VII, 3; 1.23 g.
(4.3) F. Elmore Jones sale, Glendining, 10 April 1984, lot 1300; ex Helen
Farquhar; 19.3 gr. (1.25 g) (pierced).
5 Obv. +PILLEM REX ANGLO
Rev. +ODBEARN ON GRAN
Same obv. die as 4
(5.1) BM; ex R.P. Mack sale, Glendining and Spink, 23 March 1977, lot 237;
bought Spink 1960; SCBI 20, 1372; 1.27 g; Pl. 33, 5.
(5.2) Hunterian Museum, Glasgow (SCBI 53, 51); ex Dr W. Hunter; 1.26 g
(cracked).
William I type 5 (Two Stars)
6 Obv. +PILLEM REX AN
Rev. +ÆGLMÆ ON GRA
(6.1) BM (BMC 301); bought Lincoln and Son 1902; 1.36 g; Pl. 33, 6.

242
7 Obv. +PIL[―]ANI
MARTIN ALLEN
Rev. +[―]R ON GRAN
(7.1) PP.W.P. Carlyon-Britton sale, Sotheby, 11 Nov. 1918, lot 1852 (part, not
illustrated); ex Watford hoard (J. Rashleigh, ‘Descriptive list of a collection of
coins of Henry I and Stephen, discovered in Hertfordshire, in 1818’, NC
12 (1849-50), pp. 138-65, at p. 144); wnr (cut halfpenny).
8 Obv. +PILLEM REX ANI
Rev. +VLFCIL ON GRANT
(8.1) Hunterian Museum, Glasgow (SCBI 53, 84); ex Dr W. Hunter; 1.37 g.
(8.2) Scaldwell hoard (P.W.P. Carlyon-Britton, ‘A hoard of coins of William the
Conqueror found in a trench in the War Area’, BNJ 12 (1916), pp. 15-37, at p. 18
(no. 6), Pl. I, 8; R.H.M. Dolley, ‘The fi nd-spot of the “War Area” hoard of pence of
William I’, BNJ 28 (1955-7), pp. 650-1); wnr.
(8.3) R.P. Mack (SCBI 20, 1379); ex W.J. Lawson sale, Glendining, 19 July 1954,
lot 124; 1.35 g; Pl. 33, 8.
9 Obv. +PILLEM REX ANI
Rev. +V[-]FCIL ON G[RA?]NT
(9.1) BM; ex T.G. Barnett bequest 1953; 1.36 g; Pl. 33, 9.
William I type 7 (Profi le/Cross and Trefoils)
10 Rev. ‘VLFCITL.ON.GRANT’; no information about obv.
(10.1) Edward Durrner sale, Sotheby, 20 Jan. 1853, lot 43.
William I type 8 (Paxs) 30
11 Obv. +PILLELM REX I (M and R ligated)
Rev. +VLFCIL ON GRINNT (N’s ligated)
N.B. 31 specimens recorded in the Beauworth hoard.
(11.1) BM (BMC 534); ex Beauworth hoard; BNJ 4 (1907), Pl. VII, 4; 1.38 g.
(11.2) BM (BMC 535); bought Lincoln and Son, 1902; ex W. Allen sale, Sotheby,
14 March 1898, lot 303; 1.40 g.
(11.3) FM; ex Joseph Rix 1866; 1.38 g.
(11.4) FM; ex H.M. Reynolds sale, Sotheby, 5 June 1919, lot 10; 1.42 g.
(11.5) FM; ex Lord Grantley sale, Glendining, 20 April 1944, lot 1251; ex E.S
Morris sale, Glendining, 16 May 1923, lot 151; 1.39 g; Pl. 33, 11.
(11.6) FM; ex Dr W.J. Conte; 1.35 g.
30 Jacob, ‘The mint of Cambridge’, pp. 36-7, tabulates the Cambridge moneyers, including a Paxs penny of the
moneyer Gil, but this may have been based upon a misreading of a coin of Ulfcil.

THE CAMBRIDGE MINT AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST 243
(11.7) National Museum, Copenhagen (SCBI 18, 1315); 1.40 g.
(11.8) State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg (SCBI 55, 17); ex Stroganov
collection; ex J. Brummell sale, Sotheby, 19 April 1850; ex Beauworth hoard; 1.38 g.
(11.9) E.M. Norweb (SCBI 16, 235); 1.38 g.
(11.10) R.P. Mack (SCBI 20, 1408); ex W.J. Lawson sale, Glendining, 19 July
1954, lot 147; 1.37 g.
(11.11) R.C. Lockett sale, 6 June 1955, lot 963; wnr.
(11.12) F. Elmore Jones sale, Glendining, 10 April 1984, lot 1312; wnr.
William II type 1 (Profi le)
12 Obv. +PILLELM REX
Rev. +PIBERN ON GRANT
(12.1) BM (BMC 4); ex Tamworth hoard; BNJ 4 (1907), Pl. VII, 5; 1.39 g; Pl. 33, 12.
(12.2) P.W.P. Carlyon-Britton sale, Sotheby 11 Nov. 1918, lot 1876; ex Tamworth
hoard; BNJ 4 (1907), Pl. VII, 6; wnr (plugged).
William II type 2 (Cross in Quatrefoil)
13 Obv. +PILLELM RE
Rev. +FRISE ON GRNTI
(13.1) Royal Coin Cabinet, Stockholm (SCBI 11, 180); 1.37 g; Pl. 33, 13.
14 Obv. +PILLELM REX
Rev. +PIBERN ON GRAN
(14.1) Royal Coin Cabinet, Stockholm (SCBI 11, 181); 1.38 g; Pl. 33, 14.
William II type 3 (Cross Voided)
15 Obv. +PILLELM RE (M and R ligated)
Rev. +PIBRN ON GRANT
(15.1) State Museum, Berlin (SCBI 36, 910); ex Juura/Odenpäh hoard, 1.46 g; Pl.
33, 15.
Henry I type 5 (Voided Cross and Fleurs)
16 Obv. +hENRIC:RE+:
Rev. +FRISE:ON:GRATA:
(16.1) Anon., ‘A new Henry I penny of Cambridge’; 20.1 gr. (1.30 g); Pl. 33, 16.
(16.2) Blackburn and Bonser, ‘A second Henry I coin of the Cambridge mint’;
found near Haverhill, Suffolk, Oct. 1983; 0.62 g (cut halfpenny).

244
MARTIN ALLEN
Henry I type 6 (Pointing Bust and Stars)
17 Obv. [ ]NRI REX
Rev. +[ ]N:GRANT
(17.1) FM; ex P. and B. Withers, 2005; ex Dr D. Rogers; found River Thames,
April 1991; 0.43 g (cut halfpenny, corroded); Pl. 33, 17.
Henry I type 11 (Double Inscription)
18 Obv. hENR[ ] (N and R ligated)
Rev. +DV[-]N[-][C?] ON / GRANTEBRIC:
(18.1) FM; ex Spink sale 6 Oct. 2004, lot 388; ex Pimprez hoard; 1.36 g; Pl. 33, 18.
Henry I type 13 (Star in Lozenge Fleury)
19 Obv. +hENRICVS REX
Rev. +ALGAR FRESA[ ]O[----]
(19.1) FM; ex Dr W.J. Conte; bought Baldwin 1991; 1.21 g; Pl. 33, 19.
20 Obv. +hENRICVS REX
Rev. +ALGAR FRESA:ON:GRA
Same obv. die as 19
(20.1) FM; found near Fulbourn, Cambridgeshire, Aug. 2001 (EMC 2001.0731);
1.27 g; Pl. 33, 20.
Stephen type 1 (Cross Moline or Watford), crescent and estoile variant (Mack 187y)
21 Obv. [Crescent]STIEFN[estoile]
Rev. [--]REVEV:ON:GRA
(21.1) FM; ex Dr W.J. Conte; ex Sotheby, 26 March 1987, lot 106; found near
Corby, Northamptonshire, 1960s; 1.08 g; Pl. 33, 21.
22 Obv. [ ]IEFN[estoile]
Rev. [ ]EV:ON:[--]A
(22.1) Rumjanceff (Pushkin) Museum, Moscow; ex Vaida hoard; Elmore Jones
and Blunt, ‘A remakable parcel of Norman pennies in Moscow’, pp. 86, 89, Pl. IV,
21; Molvõgin and and Leimus, ‘A unique hoard from Estonia’, p. 118 (no. 374);
1.02 g; Pl. 33, 22.
Stephen type 7 (Awbridge)
23 Obv. [ ]IEFNE
Rev. +[ ]ON:GRAN
(23.1) Found Swineshead, Lincolnshire, c.1986-7; Allen, ‘The English coinage of
1153/4-1158’, no. 29; 0.63 g (cut halfpenny); Pl. 33, 23.

ALLEN, THE CAMBRIDGE MINT AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST
PLATE 33
1 2 3 4 5
6 8 9 11 12
13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23