the toxic truth - Greenpeace

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the toxic truth In order to be able to carry out the caustic washing directly on board a ship, Trafigura first needed to purchase caustic soda. In early April 2006, Trafigura approached Univar, a supplier in the US. 64 An email to Univar dated 6 April 2006 described the process that Trafigura intended to undertake, and gave some details about disposal of the waste: “ This gasoline component will be washed (removal of mercaptans) with the caustic soda en-route to final destination port (2/3 days), La Skhirra/Tunisia (North africa). The Caustic Soda will be allowed to settle and will be drained into a caustic suitable sumptank on arrival at disport which will be taken away by a chemical treatment company for re-treatment/safe 65 disposal. ” The clear implication of this email is that Trafigura intended to have the waste treated in Tunisia. However, Univar was only willing to supply caustic soda on receipt of contact details for the chemical treatment company that would dispose of the waste once it arrived in Tunisia. 66 Univar also warned Trafigura that the product would be “hazardous” and that Dangerous Goods Certification would be required. 67 Subsequent internal emails between Trafigura executives suggest that the company was experiencing difficulties in the US with the purchase and loading of caustic soda on to a ship. 68 One email suggests that this was because ship owners were reluctant to carry out ship-to-ship (STS) operations in US coastal waters because the mooring arrangement of the ship made these operations: “ too risky in the US with all the USCG [US Coast Guard] 69 attention should something go terrible [sic] wrong. ” Amnesty International and Greenpeace have asked Trafigura to provide more information regarding the operations it was intending to undertake in US coastal waters. The company did not respond. It appears the difficulties of purchasing and loading the caustic soda in the US may have been insurmountable. In any event, Trafigura purchased the caustic soda from a Dutch company called WRT. 70 Caustic washing was then conducted on board the Probo Koala. tHe proBo Koala The Probo Koala was what is known as a “Products Ore-Bulk-Oil” vessel that transports ores, hydrocarbons or other bulk cargoes. 56 It was owned by a company based in the Marshall Islands, called Probo Koala Shipping Inc 57 and sailed under the Panamanian flag. 58 A Greek-based company, Prime Marine Management, appears to have played the role of management company for the ship at the time of the events described in this report. 59 Trafigura time-chartered (a form of lease) the Probo Koala on 25 October 2004. 60 From 3 April 2006 to 3 October 2006, the Probo Koala was under the control of its master, Captain Chertov. 61 A company called Falcon Navigation, Trafigura’s Athens “branch”, was charged with the day-to-day management of the ship and received instructions from Trafigura Ltd and Trafigura Beheer BV. 62 After the dumping, the Probo Koala was renamed the Gulf Jash, and in August 2011 it was again renamed the Hua Feng. 63 flags of convenience The Probo Koala was registered in Panama under a “flag of convenience”. This means that there is no connection between the nationality of the ship’s owner and the nationality of the flag that it flies. Many states that provide flags of convenience have a poor record of enforcing regulations that apply to ships. Greenpeace argues that this must change so that activities on board ships and at sea are better regulated, more transparent and better accounted for. 29 Chapter 2
30 Amnesty internAtionAl And greenpeAce netherlAnds Chapter 2 generation of toXic waste during operations in tHe Mediterranean sea Between april and July 2006 in and around Maltese waters No. Date Time Details 1 April 7/9 - In La Skhirra no more washing operations. Order for washing process off shore Malta 2 April 10 22.00 Arrival from La Skhirra. Until April 11, 2006 23.30, STS taking in cargo and caustic soda from M/T Seapurha. Caustic soda in Tank 4 3 April 11 24.00 From this point on in motion start washing process in Tank 4 4 April 12 06.00 First known moment inside Maltese territorial waters after start of washing process 5 April 12 10.25 STS with M/T Mario C. after permission from authorities to take in materials 6 April 12 12.50 At anchor. Departure April 13 at 03.45 7 April 13 06.35 5 miles north-east of Fairway Buoy. Rendezvous with service vessel ‘Whirl’ 8 April 13 06.35 At anchor, expected end-time of washing process: April 15, 2006 01.00 03.35 Departure of anchor location 9 April 15 06.50 Taking in containers by Maria C. 5 miles north-east of Fairway Buoy 10 April 16 12.54 Arrival at La Skhirra, Tunisia. Cargo not accepted by Tankmed due to stench in and around giBraltar and spanisH waters Nr. Date Time Details 1 April 24 22.30 Supply vessel Maritima Estrecho loading 50 IBCs caustic soda April 28 - Slop tanks PK contain 49,016 cbm 2 April 29 09.40 STS with M/T Riza, discharging cargo Prior to discharge Slop tanks PK contain 59,630 cbm 3 May 5 18.00 Start washing process 4 May 5 19.00 At anchor May 6 21.00 - End washing process Slop tanks PK contain 148,412 cbm May 7 16.00 Departure of anchor location 5 May 8 12.00 STS with M/T Seapurha, taking in cargo 6 May 9 12.00 STS with M/T Seamusic, taking in cargo 7 May 10 18.00 STS with M/T Moselle, taking in cargo 8 May 16 24.00 At anchor, supply vessel Guenda/Maritima. Loading 50 ICB caustic soda May 17 00.25 00.55 Start washing operation End anchor position as well as end-time of part washing process 9 May 17 15.15 At anchor Gibraltar 10 May 17 24.00 STS M/T Lielupe, discharging cargo May 18 - Slop tanks PK contain 215,137 cbm 11 May 18 24.00 STS M/T Moselle, taking in cargo 12 May 19 15.00 16.00 At anchor Supply vessel Sun Swelle, loading material 13 May 23 12.00 Last known position in ship’s log prior to start washing process of 16.40 16.40 Start washing process, expected end-time: May 25, 10.00 (ETC) 14 May 23 18.00 First known position in ship’s log after start washing process 15 May 27 12.00 Rendez vous with Joren Patricia, receipt of additives at 12.25 16 May 27 16.00 Start washing process, expected end-time: May 29 17.00 hours 16.20 First known position in ship’s log after start washing process 17 May 29 06.00 Ready with washing process 07.45 First known position after end washing process 18 May 30 12.00 STS M/T Georg, taking in cargo Slop tanks PK contain 403,030 cbm 19 June 9 13.55 At anchor, material loaded from Sun Swale 20 June 12 18.40 STS M/T High Consensus, taking in cargo 21 June 14 - Supply vessel Alakoz, taking in material 22 June 14 - STS M/T High Consensus, discharging cargo June 15 - Slop tanks PK contain 401,092 cbm 23 June 16 11.00 STS M/T Tikhoresk, taking in cargo 24 June 17 00.00 STS M/T Tikhoresk, discharging cargo 25 June 18 12.25 Supply vessel Sun Swale, loading material 26 June 18 21.00 STS M/T Seavinha, taking in cargo 27 June 19 12.00 STS M/T Seavinha At 10.40 discharging cargo Slop tanks PK contain 401,290 cbm 28 June 20 05.00 At anchor 07.00 Supply vessel Guenda loading 50 full ICBs caustic soda, discharging 50 empty ICBs 12.20 Anchor up and start washing process 29 June 20 13.24 Next known position after start washing process in ship’s log 30 June 20 18.15 STS M/T Seavinha and drifting June 21 03.18 M/T Seavinha, taking in cargo 10.18 M/T Seavinha, loading finished 12.20 M/T Seavinha, discharging cargo 23.25 M/T Seavinha, discharging finshed June 22 01.45 M/T Seavinha, taking in cargo 14.36 M/T Seavinha, loading finished - Trafigura gives orders to wash cargo received immediately prior to return-discharge 17.35 M/T Seavinha, discharging cargo June 23 02.15 M/T Seavinha, discharging cargo 04.06 M/T Seavinha, taking in cargo 12.48 M/T Seavinha, loading completed 18.58 PK informs Trafigura that 20 hours will be needed for the operation 19.05 M/T Seavinha, discharging cargo June 24 02.15 M/T Seavinha, discharging completed - Slop tanks PK contain 401,642 cbm 31 June 25 12.00 STS M/T Transport and drifting, discharging cargo June 26 03.05 MT Transport, discharging completed 08.20 Free from M/T Transport - Slop tanks PK contain 493,868 cbm 32 June 26 17.40 At anchor near Gibraltar, bunkering 33 June 27 20.20 Leaving the Gibraltar Strait July 2 - For discharge at APS in Amsterdam Slop tanks PK contain 544,496 cbm STS = Ship To Ship Cargo Transfer Operation
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