the toxic truth - Greenpeace

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the toxic truth 606. Protocol of agreement (Protocole d’accord) between the State of Côte d’Ivoire and the Trafigura Parties, 13 February 2007, Article 4(2). 607. www.afrik.com/article11203.html (14 February 2007) (accessed May 2012). 608. “Déchets toxiques ivoiriens: ‘Trafigura n’a aucune responsabilité’, Le Figaro, available at www.lefigaro.fr/international/20070214. WWW000000531_dechets_toxiques_ivoiriens_trafigura_na_aucune_responsabilite_.html (accessed May 2012) 609. Documentary Letter of Credit, Côte d’Ivoire International Bank for Commerce and Industry (BCICI). 610. ‘Le protocole est un bon arrangement’, Fraternité Matin (Abidjan), 18 mars 2007, available at fr.allafrica.com/stories/200703191773.html (only with subscription) 611. On the charge of being accessories to poisoning, the court found that, because Marrero and Short had informed WAIBS and Puma of the arrival of the Probo Koala, and appointed WAIBS and Tommy to deal with the slops, they did not commit an offence personally. On this basis, that charge was dismissed. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No. 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008. 612. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008, pp25,26. 613. Procès verbal d’Interrogatoire, Claude Dauphin, 28 September 2006 614. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p61. 615. See: Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of Abidjan, 15 November 2006, for details of the evidence contained therein. 616. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No. 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008, pp26-9. 617. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp62-3. 618. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No. 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008, pp24-5. 619. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No. 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008, pp24-5. 620. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp61-2. 621. Loi 88-651 du 7 juillet 1988 portant protection de la santé publique et de l’environnement contre les effets des déchets industriels toxiques et nucléaires et des substances nocives: “Lorsque l’infraction est commise dans le cadre de l’activité d’une personne morale, la responsabilité pénale incombe à toute personne physique préposée ou non, qui de par ses fonctions, a la responsabilité de la gestion, de la surveillance ou du contrôle de cette activité.La personne morale en cause est tenue solidairement avec le ou les condamnés au paiement des amendes, réparations civiles, frais et dépens.”, Available at legis.ci/questionsenvironnementdechets1. php (accessed May 2012). 622. Court of Appeal of Abidjan Ruling No. 42, Hearing of 19 March 2008. 623. Defence teams for the accused complained that the absence of key witnesses from Trafigura precluded their ability to defend their own cases. On 1 October 2008, Salomon Ugborogbo’s lawyer, for Compagnie Tommy, made a formal request for the Trafigura executives, Jean-Pierre Valentini and N’zi Kablan, to be called as witnesses. Other defence lawyers, including those representing the State of Côte d’Ivoire, also argued that the appearance of representatives from Trafigura was necessary in order to get at the truth. FIDH- « L’AFFAIRE DU « PROBO KOALA » OU LA CATASTROPHE DU DEVERSEMENT DES DECHET TOXIQUES EN COTE D’IVOIRE », April 2011, p29. 624. Coud d’appel d’Abidjan, Arrêt d’acquittement et de condamnation, 22 October 2008. 2008.PDF 625. N’Tamon N’Drin, Djibi village farmer, Amnesty International interview, February 2009 (Abidjan). 626. “L’équipe dépêchée en Côte d’Ivoire par TREDI International pour l’enlèvement des déchets toxiques, est composée de 25 membres dont 23 techniciens.” Présentation de Tredi International, Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques, Cabinet du Premier Ministre, République du Côte d’Ivoire, 20 September 2006. 627. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – phase 1, p7-8. A version of the Tredi contract is included in the report; however, it is not clear whether it is the full contract. It is likely that the Tredi contract was the product of an official Technical Assistance Mission by the French government on 7 September 2006. An UNDAC expert was present during discussions between the government of Côte d’Ivoire and Tredi. A report of the meeting between UNDAC representatives and Côte d’Ivoire authorities is found in Annex II of the report of the UNDAC mission, 11-19 September 2006. 628. Information confidentially obtained by Greenpeace Netherlands from a source closely involved in the clean-up process; see also OCHA Situation Report No. 5, 14 September 2006: “The authorities are still endeavouring to compile a complete inventory of all dumping sites. The characteristics of the sites are very different in size and nature. One, for example, is beside the main municipal waste site, others are alongside roads, and one is in a channel leading to a lake. Some sites consist of liquid waste; at others, the waste has already infiltrated into the ground.” 629. Information confidentially obtained by Greenpeace Netherlands from a source closely involved in leading the clean-up process. 630. This was confirmed by victims interviewed by Amnesty International. Chef Motto, Amnesty International interview; February 2009 (Abidjan) and May 2011 (by phone), Desire N’Tamon, Amnesty International interview, December 2010 and May 2011 (by phone). 631. OHCA Situation Report No. 12, 4 October 2006. 632. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – phase 1, pp8-9. 633. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit phase 1, p10 634. www.dechetstoxiques.gouv.ci/faits1.php (accessed 23 March 2011) 635. Information confidentially obtained by Greenpeace Netherlands from a source leading the clean-up process. 199 endnotes 636. According to sources close to the clean up operation. A programme broadcast on Nova Television on 18 October 2007 www.novatv.nl/page/ detail/uitzendingen/5523# reported that the Ivorian government had suspended the contract with Tredi. In addition, in a letter by the Ministry of Finance to the President of the Cellule Opérationnelle de Coordination du Plan National de Lutte contre les Déchets Toxiques sent on March 9, 2007 the reason for terminating the contract is laid out: “Compte tenu des évolutions enregistrées dans la gestion du dossier des déchets toxiques, je confirme qu’il ne me semble pas opportun d’approuver de nouveaux avenants avec la société TREDI.” “En effet, aux termes des dernières négociations conduites par la Présidence de la République, la société TRAFIGURA s’engageait, entre autres, à prendre en charge les frais de dépollution de nouveaux sites éventuels et de consolidation des sites déjà traités.” “Dans ces conditions, il me paraît indiqué de définir les modalités pratiques de mise en œuvre de ce nouveau schéma.” “Aussi, ai-je sursis à l’approbation de l’avenant n°6 afin qu’il y soit pourvu selon la nouvelle donne.” Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – phase 1, p9.
200 Amnesty internAtionAl And greenpeAce netherlAnds endnotes 637. A spokesperson for Tredi on a programme broadcast on Nova Television on 18 October 2007 commented that: “There is definitely more than 6,000 tonnes of heavily polluted material. And that the new government has chosen a new approach.” www.novatv.nl/page/detail/uitzendingen/5523# (accessed 9 January 2012). 638. Greenpeace wrote to the Ivorian government requesting clarification but did not receive an answer. 639. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – phase 1, p9. 640. As at 13 February 2007, CFA 1=USD 0.0019851987 www.xe.com/ucc/ 641. Protocol of agreement (Protocole d’accord) between the State of Côte d’Ivoire and the Trafigura Parties, 13 February 2007, Article 2.1. 642. Protocol of agreement (Protocole d’accord) between the State of Côte d’Ivoire and the Trafigura Parties, 13 February 2007, Article 2.2. 643. Under the terms of the settlement agreement, both the state and Trafigura took responsibility for this. Under the Settlement, Trafigura undertook to arrange and bear the costs of the audit by contacting the relevant state agencies and/or a company of “international standing” - Protocole d’accord between the State of Côte d’Ivoire and the Trafigura Parties, 13 February 2007, Article 2.2. “Les Parties Trafigura s’engagent à prendre en charge l’identification et la dépollution complémentaire des sites pouvant encore contenir des déchets se rapportant aux Evènements. Les frais relatifs à l’audit et au constat prévus au présent paragraphe 2.2 seront pris en charge par les Parties Trafigura.” “The Trafigura Parties undertake to be responsible for identifying and removing any additional pollution from sites that may still contain waste materials arising from the Events.. The costs relating to the audit and to the joint inspection provided for under paragraph 2.2 shall be borne by the Trafigura Parties.” 644. “Lors de la réunion de restitution de la première phase, tenue à Paris le 6 juillet 2007, les deux Parties ont souhaité modifier le déroulement de la deuxieme phase de l’Audit en fixant une priorité d’intervention dur les deux sites de la route d’Alépé sur la commune d’Abobo”, Burgéap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the State of Côte d’Ivoire and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – Phase 2, p3, “During restitution meeting for the first phase, held in Paris on 6 July 2007, both Parties wanted to change to course of the second phase of the audit by setting as a priority intervention on the two sites of Alépé and Abobo.” (Amnesty International translation) 645. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the Côte d’Ivoire nation and Trafigura, Report of the Audit - Phase 2, p3. 646. Burgeap, Environmental Audit in response to paragraph 2.2 of the protocol agreement signed on the 13/02/07 between the parties of the State of Côte d’Ivoire and Trafigura, Report of the Audit – phase 2, p17. 647. The government of Côte d’Ivoire did not approve new amendments to the contract proposed by Tredi for Route D’Alépé, which apparently would have entailed removing the contaminated soil that had been collected, as well the clean-up of one big sandy and remote zone. Information confidentially obtained by Greenpeace Netherlands from a source closely involved in the clean-up process. 648. Enviro2B, Déchets toxiques ivoiriens: nouveau retard, 2 Octobre 2007, available at www. enviro2b.com/2007/10/02/dechets-toxiquesivoiriens-nouveau-retard/ (accessed 23 March 2010). Greenpeace made contact with Biogénie early 2010. The company declined to comment and referred Greenpeace to the government. Greenpeace then contacted the Côte d’Ivoire’s environmental agency, CIAPOL, in June 2010 and again in November 2010 to request information but received no answers. 649. www.novatv.nl/page/detail/uitzendingen/5523# Nova TV, Netherlands, 18 October 2007 (last accessed 9 January 2012). Concerns are expressed that the method of biodegradation would not be suitable for the kind of pollution found at sites in Abidjan where toxic waste from Probo Koala had been dumped. 650. www.trafigura.com/our_news/probo_koala_updates.aspx#aPhQOw1HC5PP, press release April 2008, (last accessed June 2010). 651. Avenant au Protocole d’Accord du 13 février 2007, 4 April 2008. 652. “Following a final endorsement in April 2008, the Ivorian State confirmed it was completely satisfied that Trafigura had complied with all of its obligations under the February 2007 Agreement”, Trafigura, “Probo Koala Factsheet”, January 2010, available at www.trafigura.com/ PDF/TrafiguraProboKoalaFactsheetEnglish.pdf (accessed May 2012). 653. www.novatv.nl/page/detail/uitzendingen/5523# Nova TV, Netherlands, 18 October 2007 (last accessed 9 January 2012). Concerns are expressed that the method of biodegradation would not be suitable for the kind of pollution found at sites in Abidjan where toxic waste from Probo Koala had been dumped. 654. Okechukwu Ibeanu, Special Rapporteur on the adverse effects of the illicit movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous products and wastes on the enjoyment of human rights, cited in IRIN, “Côte d’Ivoire: UN warns toxic waste still a threat”, 19 August 2008. www.irinnews.org/ Report.aspx?ReportId=79894 (accessed May 2012). A year later, in September 2009, in an official report on the dumping, he repeated the same concern, Okechukwu Ibeanu, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the adverse effects of the movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous products and wastes on the enjoyment of human rights, Addendum, Human Rights Council, Twelfth session, Agenda item 3, Doc UN A/HRC/12/26/Add.2, 3 September 2009, para 61, available at www2.ohchr.org/english/ bodies/hrcouncil/docs/12session/A-HRC-12- 26-Add2.pdf (accessed May 2012). 655. Office of the High Commissioner for Human rights, “Special Rapporteur on Toxic waste concludes his mission to Côte d’Ivoire”, 8 August 2008, available at www.ohchr.org/ en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews. aspx?NewsID=9000&LangID=E (accessed 26 October 2011). 656. Okechukwu Ibeanu, Special Rapporteur on the adverse effects of the illicit movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous products and wastes on the enjoyment of human rights, cited in IRIN, “Côte d’Ivoire: UN warns toxic waste still a threat”, 19 August 2008. www.irinnews.org/ Report.aspx?ReportId=79894 (accessed May 2012). A year later, in September 2009, in an official report on the dumping, he repeated the same concern, Okechukwu Ibeanu, Report of the Special Rapporteur on the adverse effects of the movement and dumping of toxic and dangerous products and wastes on the enjoyment of human rights, Addendum, Human Rights Council, Twelfth session, Agenda item 3, Doc UN A/HRC/12/26/Add.2, 3 September 2009, para 61, available at www2.ohchr.org/english/ bodies/hrcouncil/docs/12session/A-HRC-12- 26-Add2.pdf (accessed May 2012). 657. Office of the High Commissioner for Human rights, “Special Rapporteur on Toxic waste concludes his mission to Côte d’Ivoire”, 8 August 2008, available at www.ohchr. org/en/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews. aspx?NewsID=9000&LangID=E (accessed 26 October 2011). 658. According to written detailed statements made by the truck drivers to Trafigura, evidence gathered by Greenpeace. 659. Interview with source close to the decontamination process. Name withheld at request of interviewee. 660. Testimony of a member of the Vridi Workers Union, Amnesty International mission in Côte d’Ivoire, February 2009. 661. Testimony of Chef Motto, Amnesty International mission in Côte d’Ivoire 662. CIAPOL employees, Amnesty International interview, February 2009. 663. Greenpeace Netherlands, interview with Bagassi Koura, January 2010. 664. Desire N’Tamon (Djibi village), interview with Amnesty International December 2010. 665. Nurse Angèle N’Tamon, Amnesty International interview, December 2010. 666. Testimonies of Salif Konate and Chef Motto Amnesty International interviews, February 2010, May 2011 (by phone) 667. Dr Bleu, Interview with Amnesty International, June 2011 (by phone) 668. www.trafigura.com/our_news/probo_koala_updates/timeline/2009/july/wsp_publishes_independent_repo.aspx?top=237 (last accessed 10 June 2012)
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