the toxic truth - Greenpeace

the toxic truth
543. Article 8, Universal Declaration of Human
Rights; Article 2 (3), International Covenant on
Civil and Political Rights; Article 2, International
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights; Article 6, International Convention on
Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;
Article 2, Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women; Article
14, Convention Against Torture; Article 13, European
Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; Article 25,
American Convention on Human Rights.
544. Prosecutor v. André Rwamakuba, Case No.
ICTR- 98-44C-T, Decision on Appropriate Remedy,
para 40 (31 January 2007); Prosecutor v. André
Rwamakuba, Case No. ICTR-98-44C-A, Decision
on Appeal Against Decision on Appropriate Remedy,
paras 23-25 (13 September 2007); and
Cantoral-Benavides v. Perú, 2001 Inter-Am. Ct.
H.R. (ser. C) No. 88, at para 40 (Dec. 3, 2001).
545. UN Committee on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights, General Comment 9: The
domestic application of the Covenant, UN Doc.
E/C.12/1998/24, 3 December 1998, para 2.
546. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, General Comment 14: The right to the highest
attainable standard of health (Article 12),
E/C.12/2000/4, 11 August 2000, para 59.
547. Principle 11, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of 16
December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.org/
english/law/remedy.htm (accessed 26 October
2011). Though the Basic Principles focus on
specific obligations of states in relation to gross
violations of human rights law and serious
violations of humanitarian law, they are derived
of obligations of states contained in numerous
international treaties and other instruments,
which also apply to all human rights violations.
548. Human Rights Committee, General Comment
31, Nature of the General Legal Obligation
Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant,
CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.13, 26 May 2004, para
15, views of the Committee on the Elimination
of Racial Discrimination, LK v. Netherlands,
CERD/C/42/D/4/1991, para 6.9. For further
details see International Commission of Jurists,
The Right to a Remedy and to Reparation for
Gross Human Rights Violations: A practitioners’
guide, (ICJ, 2006), pp49, 57-79.
549. Human Rights Committee, General Comment
31, para 18.
550. Basel Convention, Articles 4.4 and 9.5.
551. Para 125, Chorzow Factory Case (Germany v.
Poland), Permanent Court of Arbitration, 1928.
552. Principle 18, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
553. Principle 19, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm .
554. Principle 20, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
555. These principles were adopted by the General
Assembly, resolution 60/147 of 16 December
2005, they “do not entail new international or
domestic legal obligations but identify mechanisms,
modalities, procedures and methods for
the implementation of existing legal obligations
under international human rights law and international
humanitarian law which are complementary
though different as to their norms” (see
preamble to the Basic Principles), available at
www2.ohchr.org/english/law/remedy.htm.
556. Principle 20, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
557. Principle 21, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
558. Principle 22, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
559. Principle 23, Basic Principles and Guidelines on
the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims
of Gross Violations of International Human
Rights Law and Serious Violations of International
Humanitarian Law (Basic Principles), adopted
by General Assembly resolution 60/147 of
16 December 2005, available at www2.ohchr.
org/english/law/remedy.htm.
560. Principles 2(b), 3(c), 11(a), 12, Basic Principles
and Guidelines on the Right to Remedy and
Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of
International Human Rights Law and Serious
Violations of International Humanitarian Law
(Basic Principles), adopted by General Assembly
resolution 60/147 of 16 December 2005,
available at www2.ohchr.org/english/law/remedy.htm.
561. Principles 2(c), 3(d), 11(b), 15-23, Basic Principles
and Guidelines on the Right to Remedy
and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations
of International Human Rights Law and Serious
Violations of International Humanitarian Law
(Basic Principles), adopted by General Assembly
resolution 60/147 of 16 December 2005,
available at www2.ohchr.org/english/law/remedy.htm.
562. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights, General Comment 9, para 9.
563. Article 47, Articles on Responsibility of States
for Internationally Wrongful Acts.
564. Guiding Principles on Business and Human
Rights: Implementing the United Nations “Protect,
Respect and Remedy” Framework, Report
of the Special Representative of the Secretary-
General on the issue of human rights and
transnational corporations and other business
enterprises, John Ruggie, A/HRC/17/31, 21
March 2011.
565. Economic and Social Council, Statement on the
Obligations of States Parties regarding the corporate
sector and economic, social and cultural
rights, E20 May 2011, para 5.
566. Genevieve Diallo, resident of Akouédo, Amnesty
International interview, February 2009 (Abidjan).
567. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p5.
568. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p6.
569. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp6-12.
570. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p99: “les attitudes
observées par la Commission chez certains
acteurs, laissent transparaitre des indices de
corruption et de recherche effrénée de gains au
mépris de la vie humaine.”
571. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp67 and 68.
572. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp61 and 62.
573. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p61.
574. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, pp63 and 64.
575. Republic of Côte d’Ivoire, National Commission
of Enquiry on the toxic waste in the district of
Abidjan, 15 November 2006, p64.
197
endnotes