the toxic truth - Greenpeace

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the toxic truth 307. This was reported during the criminal court hearing in Amsterdam, on June 10 2010. The Judge read out an email saying: “It is very likely that we find solid residues in the cargo tanks and slop tanks due to the caustic washings, these may include caustic soda, sodium sulphide, sodium hydrosulphide and sodium mercaptides Notes taken by Greenpeace. 308. Report Accident investigation following the Vest Tank explosion at Slovag, Revision O3, English version, Bergen, 26 September 2008, available at www.dsb.no/Global/Farlige%20stoffer/ Dokumenter/Report_accident_vest_tank.pdf (accessed May 2012) 309. From written testimony from one of the truck drivers to Trafigura. Deposition de [witheld] to Trafigura, February 11, 2009, English translation from para 58: “Je n’ai pu remplir qu’une demi-citerne, soit entre 10 et 15.000 lotres. Le liquide était alors très lourd – presque comme de la boue liquide. C’était une sorte de boue épaisse et rougeâtre. 310. Basel Convention, Article. 2 (1). 311. Basel Convention, Article 2 (4) 312. energiaadebate.com/wp-content/uploads/2011 /10/Baker1.pdfa, available at energiaadebate. com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Baker1.pdf (accessed May 2012) 313. The material which left PEMEX was as described in the Material Safety Data Sheet as “coker gasoline’. (PEMEX Refinacion Material Safety Data Sheet (coker gasoline) September 9, 2005) Trafigura, however, has always referred to the cargoes as coker naphtha. It is unclear why different terms are used by different people. However, as the properties that are attached to coker gasoline as described in the MSDS from PEMEX are similar to the properties attached to coker naphtha as found in the literature it would appear that these are interchangeable terms for the same type of substance. Coker gasoline and coker naphtha as well as the composition of the waste that was created after the caustic washing all present several similar generic hazards because of the presence of toxic, irritant and flammable compounds. 314. Basel Convention, Article1(1.a). Also, under Article 1(1.b), wastes that are not covered under paragraph 1.a but are defined as, or considered to be, hazardous wastes by the domestic legislation of the Party of export, import or transit.” 315. Coker naphtha is included in the following, listed under Annex I of the Basel Convention: -Y9 (Waste streams) Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions; and-Y42 (Wastes having as constituents) Organic solvents excluding halogenated solvents. Coker naphtha is therefore presumed to be a hazardous waste. 316. Annex III lists the following: H1: Explosive; H3: Flammable liquids; H6.1: Poisonous (Acute). Substances or wastes liable either to cause death or serious injury or to harm health if swallowed or inhaled or by skin contact. Annex VIII of the Basel Convention (further clarified and presumed hazardous wastes) provides a non-exhaustive listing of wastes presumed to be hazerdous. Although “coker naphtha” is not specifically named in this Annex, it is Annex I and III that are the definitive guide to the definition of hazerdous waste. In any case Annex VIII includes: A3150 Waste non-halogenated organic solvents; A4060 Waste oils/water, hydrocarbons/water mixtures, emulsions; and A4080 Wastes of an explosive nature. 317. This information was collected by Greenpeace Netherlands during evidence given during the trial in the Dutch criminal proceedings in June 2010 against Trafigura and was based on a big map displayed in the court room of the District Court of Amsterdam. 318. Basel Convention, Art. 4.5 and Art. 11. 319. Such a Basel-sanctioned multilateral agreement as stipulated in Basel Article 11 must contain similar provisions to that as the Basel Convention, such as the requirements for environmentally sound management and prior informed consent. Indeed, the OECD accord does have such a notification and consent requirement. 320. Basel Convention, Art. 9 and Art. 4, para 3. 321. In September 2011, a group of experts in international law gathered in Maastricht, under the auspices of the International Commission of Jurists and Maastricht University, to discuss the extent and the scope of obligations under the ICESCR, and they adopted the Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The principles are available at www. maastrichtuniversity.nl/humanrights. 322. Principle 13, the Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, available at www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/humanrights. 323. Trafigura Beheer BV was found guilty of “violation of a regulation set out in Section 10.60, second paragraph of the Environmental Management Act, committed intentionally by a legal entity”, Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 15 and para 8.3.2.15. 324. Internal Trafigura email from a London based employee to colleagues including directors, dated 28 December 2005 (rec# 7696 Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 325. See: www.trafigura.com/PDF/Trafigura%20&%20 The%20Probo%20Koala%20110721%20v2.pdf 326. Internal Trafigura email from London based employee to colleagues including directors, dated 28 December 2005 (rec# 7696 Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 327. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2.8. 328. Internal email between Trafigura and Falcon Navigation dated 10 March 2006 (rec# 6580, Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 329. Internal email between Trafigura and Falcon Navigation dated 13 March 2006 (rec# 6580, Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 330. Internal email between Trafigura and Falcon Navigation dated 21 June 2006 (rec# 7400 in application notice for Claim No. HQ06X03370 and others for the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division). 331. Data from the Yearbook 2010 of the “Maritime Safety and Security Bureau” – Spanish Ministry of Public Works. 332. The Guardian, UK, “Bay of Gibraltar is ‘disaster waiting to happen’”, 6 September 2011. See: www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2011/ sep/06/bay-of-gibraltar-shipping-pollution (last accessed May 2012). 333. “Gibraltar: Controversia y Medio Ambiente”, Jesús Verdú Baeza. Ed. Dykinson, 2008 Treaty Establishing the European Community (“TEC”) applies to Gibraltar by virtue of Article 299(4) of that Treaty but provisions relating to the Community Customs Territory, free movement of goods, Common Commercial Policy, Common Agricultural and Fisheries Policies and harmonization of turnover taxes do not apply to Gibraltar. 334. For more information: www.greenpeace.org/ international/publications/oceansrescueplan 335. Internal Trafigura email dated 27 December 2005 (rec# 5914, Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 336. Meeting minutes Al-Trabsa Technical Administration Al-Skhirra 15 March 2006, (Rec# 13571 from application notice for claim No. HQ06X03370 and others for the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division) state: “damages occurred to the employed such as suffocation”. 191 endnotes 337. Meeting minutes of Al-Trabsa Technical Administration Al-Skhirra 17 March 2006 (Rec# 13570 from application notice for claim No. HQ06X03370 and others for the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division): “… in the wake of the incident of the leakage of H 2 S and other Sulphur gases on 14 March 2006. Whereas we undertook a meeting on 15 March to reach a solution for the case and demand TankMed to take necessary procedure to prevent the above mentioned gas leakage. Whereas the case is still causing problems in the area including admitting three people to local hospitals in La Skhirra...”
192 Amnesty internAtionAl And greenpeAce netherlAnds endnotes 338. Meeting minutes of Al-Trabsa Technical Administration Al-Skhirra 15 March 2006 (Rec# 13571 from application notice for claim No. HQ06X03370 and others for the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division). At the meeting it was agreed that: “Petrol containing high levels of Sulphur or similar substances that cause similar environmental problems shall not be accepted”. 339. Rapport de missions, Terminal Pétrolier de La Skhira, Centre International des Technologies de l’Environnement de Tunis, Ministère de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable, République Tunisienne, April 2006, Section 7 (English translation). 340. Email from Univar employee to Trafigura dated 7 April 2006, (US Files). 341. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.12. 342. Evidence Overview for Trafigura Beheer BV., N. Ahmed, S Chertov Facts: section 174 of the Dutch Penal Code and section 225 of the Dutch Penal Code.; Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 5.8. 343. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 5.8. 344. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 5.8. 345. Trafigura Amended Defence 5 December 2008 (Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370), para 80. Internal Trafigura memorandum dated 23 September 2006, para 4, page 3. 346. Internal Trafigura memorandum dated 23 September 2006, paras 20, 21 and 22, 5. 347. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 15. “Samenvatting vonnissen Broom II” (Summary of verdicts), Part VI Decisions available in Dutch at www.rechtspraak.nl/NR/rdonlyres/B23246A4- B778-4F10-8F76-DBB2E8AE334B/0/SamenvattingvonnissenBROOMIIgeanonimiseerd.pdf Amnesty International translation p23. 348. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.10. 349. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.9. A quote from a letter dated 28 January 2010 from the expert Bakker of the NFI. 350. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.12. 351. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.3.12. 352. English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 5.16. 353. English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 5.17. 354. Internal Trafigura email dated 28 December 2005 (rec# 5914 Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370) 355. Trafigura Annual Report 2006. 356. Council Regulation (EEC) No 259/93 of 1 February 1993 on the supervision and control of shipments of waste within, into and out of the European Community 357. English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS). 358. Internal Trafigura email dated 28 December 2005 (rec# 7696 Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 359. English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS). 360. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL) 361. Centre for International Environmental Law, Issue Brief: “Normal Operations of a Ship” in MARPOL: A Review of MARPOL’s Travaux” 26 June 2012. 362. Internal Trafigura email dated 28 December 2005 (rec# 7696 Yao Essaie Motto & Others v. Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No HQ06X03370. 363. Verdict on Naeem Ahmed LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam , 13/846003-08(PROMIS). 364. Verdict on Naeem Ahmed LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-08(PROMIS), para 8.3.1.6 365. Internal Trafigura email dated 17 August 2006 (Yao Essaie Motto & Others v Trafigura Limited and Trafigura Beheer BV in the High Court of Justice, Queen’s Bench Division, Claim No. HQ06X03370). 366. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.2.2: “With regard to the charge under 1, the defence has – summarised briefly – put forward the point that the EWSR does not apply in this case. All of the waste which is generated on board the ship is regulated by MARPOL, and falls under the exceptional provision of the EWSR. No meaning may be attributed to the stanza, ‘generated by the normal operation of a ship’, or at least not in any way that is relevant to this case. The EWSR exceptional provision only applies if the waste has been brought on land, and that it has moreover undergone a change in its nature, through mixing or contamination. This was not the case during the pumping operation which took place from the Probo Koala to the Main VII, and vice versa. The slops therefore fell under MARPOL and continue to do so. The regimes of the EWSR and MARPOL are mutually exclusive.” 367. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2.7. 368. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2.7. 369. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2.7. 370. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2. 8 371. Amnesty International English translation of verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV, LJN (National Case Law Number): BN2149, District Court of Amsterdam, 13/846003-06 (PROMIS), para 8.3.2.8. 372. Judgement, Netherlands Court of Appeal, December 2011. 373. Greenpeace Netherlands translation of court verdict on Trafigura Beheer BV from 23 December 2011, LJN (National Case Law Number): BU9237, Court of Appeal, 23-003334-10, para 4.2.4 “ 374. The court of Appeal explained in detail how they reached that conclusion. Very little attention was given in the judgement to the issues of MARPOL and EWSR with regard to possibility that both might apply at different points.
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