BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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Even from the point of view of syntax, spoken language usually has its own set of grammatical patterns which sometimes may be quite different from that in written language. In many languages, the written form is considered a different language, a situation called diglossia. Human language is unique in comparison to other forms of communication, such as those used by other animals, because it allows humans to produce an infinite set of utterances from a finite set of elements, and because the symbols and grammatical rules of any particular language are largely arbitrary, so that the system can only be acquired through social interaction. The known systems of communication used by animals, on the other hand, can only express a finite number of utterances that are mostly genetically transmitted. Human language is also unique in that its complex structure has evolved to serve a much wider range of functions than any other kinds of communication system. Verbal communication can be efficient, inefficient and even socially inacceptable. The form of antisocial verbal communication is verbal abuse. Verbal abuse (also called reviling or verbal attack) is a form of abusive behavior involving the use of language. It is a form of profanity that can occur with or without the use of expletives. While oral communication is its most common form, verbal abuse may be expressed in the form of written word as well. Verbal abuse is a pattern of behavior that can seriously interfere with a person's healthy emotional development. A single exposure to verbal assault can be enough to significantly affect a person's self-esteem, emotional well-being, and physical state. Verbal abuse is best described as an ongoing emotional environment organized by the abuser for the purposes of control. The underlying factor in the dynamic of verbal abuse is the abuser’s low regard for him or herself. The abuser attempts to place their victim in a position to believe similar things about him or herself, a form of warped projection. Reports of verbal and emotional abuse indicate that it frequently occurs in romantic relationships between men and women, where women are generally reported as the victims. However, verbal abuse may occur to a person of any gender, race, culture, size, sexual orientation, or age. Typically, verbal abuse increases in intensity over time and often escalates into physical abuse as well. 91
During intense verbal abuse, the victim usually suffers from low self-worth and low self-esteem. As a result, victims may fall into clinical depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Verbal abuse starting from a young age contributes to inferiority complex, machismo attitudes, and other negative behaviors that plague many people into senior age. People who feel they are being attacked by a verbal abuser on a regular basis should seek professional counsel and remove themselves from the negative environment whenever possible. Staying around verbal abusers is damaging for a person's overall well-being, and all steps to change the situation should be pursued. The way to recognize signs of verbal abuse in an unhealthy relationship is to simply know what a healthy relationship looks like. Consider the things people value in a healthy and strong relationship. These could be respect, acceptance, trustworthiness, and honesty with the freedom and safety to express oneself within healthy boundaries. When we think about what constitutes a healthy relationship, it becomes easier to identify when we are in an unhealthy relationship. Signs of verbal abuse exhibited by the abuser are: Actions of ignoring, ridiculing, disrespecting, and criticizing others consistently. A manipulation of words. Purposeful humiliation of others. Accusing others falsely for the purpose of manipulating a person's decision making. Manipulating people to submit to undesirable behavior. Making others feel unwanted and unloved. Threatening to leave the family destitute. Placing the blame and cause of the abuse onto others. Isolating a person from some type of support system, consisting of friends or family. Harassment Threatening to do any type of harm to a family member or friend Once the victim identifies and recognizes the signs of verbal abuse, the victim can be more proactive in finding help. If left too long in an abusive relationship, the person will start feeling hopeless. 92
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STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
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CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
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6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
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1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
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Although it usually emphasizes the
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example of how important the nervou
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in order to satisfy it. The further
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arrangements of ideas accordingly w
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To clarify the concept of emotions,
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we have to mention the concert fact
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3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
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the information through to the righ
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4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
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2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
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Some of the fundamental characteris
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Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
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These basic elements he named endom
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Other people were strong in two ele
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The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
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intent expression. They have a late
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Page 45 and 46: ► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48: person separate from other persons
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Page 59 and 60: is cured, then they will all remain
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Identify a safe place to meet and n
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develop. One should respond slowly
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146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
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Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
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2. If person becomes addicted, the
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Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
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weight gain a likely possibility, s
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contemporary social conditions. Dem
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5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
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BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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