BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
actual and overt functions. The appellative (conative) function is manifested directly in "Go answer the door" and indirectly in "The doorbell rang" (which is equivalent to "Go answer the door"), where the overt function is the referential (or informative) function. In addition, we need to distinguish between cause and effect functions, as well as ends and means functions (the ends being the effect that is sought). For example, when the phatic function (cause) is overactivated, it can trigger the poetic function (effect); overactivation can be used for esthetic ends, and in this case the poetic function is an end and the phatic function is a means. 4.4. Communication and Health Communication is a means of survival. This statement is not just a metaphor it is a conclusion based on the empirical studies. Without any form of communication humans cannot live. Lack of communication or inefficient communication could injure seriously the quality human life and health. Public Health surveys show that: People who lack strong relationships have 2 - 3 times the risk of early death, regardless of whether or not they smoke or drink. Terminal cancer strikes socially isolated people more often than those who have close personal relationships. Divorced, separated, and widowed people are 5 - 10 times more likely to need hospitalization for mental problems than their married counterparts. Pregnant women under stress and without supportive relationships have three times more complications than pregnant women who suffer from the same amount of stress but have strong social support. Studies show that social isolation is a major risk factor contributing to coronary disease, comparable to physiological factors such a s diet, smoking, obesity an lack of physical activity socially isolated people are four times more susceptible to the common cold than those who have active social networks When the subject of communication and health is discussed of interest is not only the impact of communication as such on the individual health but rather the importance of communication to disease prevention, health promotion, health care policy, and the business of health care as well as enhancement of the quality of life and health of individuals within 81
the community. Nowadays Health communication is an important aria of medical activity (theory and practice) which may be defined as “The art and technique of informing, influencing, and motivating individual, institutional, and public audiences about important health issues. Or it can be define as an area of theory, research and practice related to understanding and influencing the interdependence of communication (symbolic interaction in the forms of messages and meanings) and health related beliefs, behaviors and outcomes. Accordingly to this aria an efficient communication is essential to successful public health practice at every level of the ecological model; intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, organizational, and societal. At each level there are a variety of communication channels which must be considered, from face-to-face to mass communications. The social contexts in which health communication occurs are also widely varied and can include (but are not limited to) homes, schools, doctor’s offices, and workplaces. Wherever, good communication is associated with positive health outcomes, whereas poor communication is associated with a number of negative outcomes. In what is follow we will focus on three levels of heath communication: 1. interpersonal medical communication emphasizing especially the importance of communication between doctor and patient; 2. Organizational level, emphasizing the importance of communication in medical team; and 3. Societal level emphasizing the importance of communication in public health. The importance of communication in physician – patient relationship Good communication skills are essential to establish good doctor patient relationship, which in turn has a positive impact on medical outcomes. Good communication engenders meaningful and trusting relationships between healthcare professionals and their patients. Studies suggest that physician sensitivity - specifically a doctor's interest in people - results in greater patient confidence and increased adherence to treatment regimens. We have much more confidence in our doctor if he or she can communicate with us and seems sensitive to our needs. Good communication skills are integral to medical and other healthcare practice. In delivering care, doctors encounter a diverse range of patients requiring different communication approaches - from the very young to the elderly. Various patient subgroups may present particular difficulties in terms of communication. For example, doctors may find it more difficult 82
- Page 31 and 32: Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
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the community. Nowadays Health communication is an important aria of<br />
medical activity (theory and practice) which may be <strong>de</strong>fined as “The art<br />
and technique of informing, influencing, and motivating individual,<br />
institutional, and public audiences about important health issues. Or it can<br />
be <strong>de</strong>fine as an area of theory, research and practice related to<br />
un<strong>de</strong>rstanding and influencing the inter<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nce of communication<br />
(symbolic interaction in the forms of messages and meanings) and health<br />
related beliefs, behaviors and outcomes. Accordingly to this aria an<br />
efficient communication is essential to successful public health practice at<br />
every level of the ecological mo<strong>de</strong>l; intrapersonal, interpersonal, group,<br />
organizational, and societal. At each level there are a variety of<br />
communication channels which must be consi<strong>de</strong>red, from face-to-face to<br />
mass communications. The social contexts in which health communication<br />
occurs are also wi<strong>de</strong>ly varied and can inclu<strong>de</strong> (but are not limited to)<br />
homes, schools, doctor’s offices, and workplaces. Wherever, good<br />
communication is associated with positive health outcomes, whereas poor<br />
communication is associated with a number of negative outcomes. In<br />
what is follow we will focus on three levels of heath communication: 1.<br />
interpersonal medical communication emphasizing especially the<br />
importance of communication between doctor and patient; 2.<br />
Organizational level, emphasizing the importance of communication in<br />
medical team; and 3. Societal level emphasizing the importance of<br />
communication in public health.<br />
The importance of communication in physician – patient<br />
relationship<br />
Good communication skills are essential to establish good doctor patient<br />
relationship, which in turn has a positive impact on medical outcomes.<br />
Good communication engen<strong>de</strong>rs meaningful and trusting<br />
relationships between healthcare professionals and their patients. Studies<br />
suggest that physician sensitivity - specifically a doctor's interest in people<br />
- results in greater patient confi<strong>de</strong>nce and increased adherence to treatment<br />
regimens. We have much more confi<strong>de</strong>nce in our doctor if he or she can<br />
communicate with us and seems sensitive to our needs. Good<br />
communication skills are integral to medical and other healthcare practice.<br />
In <strong>de</strong>livering care, doctors encounter a diverse range of patients<br />
requiring different communication approaches - from the very young to<br />
the el<strong>de</strong>rly. Various patient subgroups may present particular difficulties in<br />
terms of communication. For example, doctors may find it more difficult<br />
82
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