BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Choleric - short response time-<strong>de</strong>lay, but response sustained for a<br />
relatively long time. (hot/dry)<br />
Melancholic - long response time-<strong>de</strong>lay, response sustained at<br />
length, if not, seemingly, permanently. (cold/dry)<br />
From this schema it is evi<strong>de</strong>nt that the sanguine and choleric<br />
shared a common trait: quickness of response, while the melancholy and<br />
phlegmatic shared the opposite, a longer response. The melancholy and<br />
choleric, however, shared a sustained response, and the sanguine and<br />
phlegmatic shared a short-lived response. That meant, that the Choleric<br />
and melancholy both would tend to hang on to emotions like anger, and<br />
thus appear more serious and critical than the fun-loving sanguine, and the<br />
peaceful phlegmatic. However, the choleric would be characterized by<br />
quick expressions of anger, while the melancholy would build up anger<br />
slowly, silently, before exploding.<br />
The medical theory of temperament began to lose favor in the<br />
early mo<strong>de</strong>rn period. As a characterization of a person's psychological<br />
state, however, temperament continued to be employed by both<br />
psychologists and the lay public well into the twentieth century. The<br />
temperamental theories as well as tests were <strong>de</strong>veloped in contemporary<br />
periods by David Keirsey, Myers-Briggs, Ernst Kretschmer etc.<br />
2.3. Behavior and Human Somatic<br />
One very famous though discussable personality type conception<br />
belong to William Sheldon (1898-1977). He was an American<br />
psychologist who <strong>de</strong>voted his life to observing the variety of human<br />
bodies and temperaments. He taught and did research at a number of U.S.<br />
universities and is best known for his series of books on the human<br />
constitution. For his study of the human physique, Dr. Sheldon started<br />
with 4,000 photographs of college-age men, which showed front, back and<br />
si<strong>de</strong> views. By carefully examining these photos he discovered that there<br />
were three fundamental elements which, when combined together, ma<strong>de</strong><br />
up all these physiques or somatotypes. With great effort and ingenuity he<br />
worked out ways to measure these three components and to express them<br />
numerically so that every human body could be <strong>de</strong>scribed in terms of three<br />
numbers, and that two in<strong>de</strong>pen<strong>de</strong>nt observers could arrive at very similar<br />
results in <strong>de</strong>termining a person's body type.<br />
31