BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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health professionals have at least one characteristic in common, a personal desire to learn, and that they have at least one shared value, to meet the needs of their patients or clients, is a good place to start. ► Exercises and Discussions: 1.What are the barriers in communication? 2.Give the definition of terms “stereotype”, “stigmatization”, “and discrimination”. Describe the effects of discrimination in health care. 3.What involve and active listening? Find the other rules besides active listening for an efficient communication. 4.What are the barriers in communication between physician and patient? How can be they overcome? 5.What the communication skills need physicians? 6.What are the impediments of good collaboration in medical team? 7.How to construct good team collaboration in medical setting? 8.What communication skills need a manager in health area? ► Recommended Essays 1. Genocide, from history to solutions 2. Stigma and Discrimination in Health Care Service 3. Causes and consequences of HIV patients stigmatization 4. Good management of medical team ► Literature: 1. Aggleton Peter, Wood Kate, Malcolm Anne. HIV - Related Stigma, Discrimination and Human Rights Violations. WHO Library Cataloguingin-Publication Data. UNAIDS. Geneva, 2005. 2. Burnard Ph. Effective communication skills for health professionals. Nelson Thornes, 1997. 3. Hogan K, Stubbs R. Can't Get Through: 8 Barriers to Communication. Pelican Publishing, 2003. 4. Macrae Neil C., Stangor Charles, Hewstone Miles. Stereotypes and stereotyping. Guilford Press, 1996. 5. Fishbein Harold D. Peer prejudice and discrimination: the origins of prejudice. Routledge, 2002. 6. Ray Berlin Eileen, Donohew Lewis. Communication and health: systems and applications. Routledge, 1989. 7. Ray Berlin Eileen. Case studies in health communication. Routledge, 1993. 8. Thompson Teresa L.. Handbook of health communication. Routledge, 2003. 133

7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavior and Cultural Contexts 134 Chapter 7 Culture is the sum of all the forms of art, of love, and of thought, which, in the course or centuries, have enabled man to be less enslaved Andre Malraux The concept of culture has a long and complicated story. Nowadays is accounted more than one hundred meaning or definition of it. The word culture comes from the Latin root colere (to inhabit, to cultivate, or to honor). So the firstly this concept connoted a process of cultivation or improvement, as in agriculture. Cicero, the roman ancient philosopher used an agricultural metaphor to describe the development of a philosophical soul, which was understood teleologically as the one natural highest possible ideal for human development. In other words Cicero defines culture as development or improvement of the mind by education. In the nineteenth century, humanists such as English poet and essayist Matthew Arnold used the word "culture" to refer to an ideal of individual human refinement, of "the best that has been thought and said in the world." Thus culture is the quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc. Sir Edward B. Tylor in 1871 gave the very cited especially by anthropologist definition of culture. He said "culture or civilization, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society". In the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode their experiences symbolically, and communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially. In 2002 United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the "set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and

health professionals have at least one characteristic in common, a personal<br />

<strong>de</strong>sire to learn, and that they have at least one shared value, to meet the<br />

needs of their patients or clients, is a good place to start.<br />

► Exercises and Discussions:<br />

1.What are the barriers in communication?<br />

2.Give the <strong>de</strong>finition of terms “stereotype”, “stigmatization”, “and<br />

discrimination”. Describe the effects of discrimination in health care.<br />

3.What involve and active listening? Find the other rules besi<strong>de</strong>s active<br />

listening for an efficient communication.<br />

4.What are the barriers in communication between physician and<br />

patient? How can be they overcome?<br />

5.What the communication skills need physicians?<br />

6.What are the impediments of good collaboration in medical team?<br />

7.How to construct good team collaboration in medical setting?<br />

8.What communication skills need a manager in health area?<br />

► Recommen<strong>de</strong>d Essays<br />

1. Genoci<strong>de</strong>, from history to solutions<br />

2. Stigma and Discrimination in Health Care Service<br />

3. Causes and consequences of HIV patients stigmatization<br />

4. Good management of medical team<br />

► Literature:<br />

1. Aggleton Peter, Wood Kate, Malcolm Anne. HIV - Related Stigma,<br />

Discrimination and Human Rights Violations. WHO Library Cataloguingin-Publication<br />

Data. UNAIDS. Geneva, 2005.<br />

2. Burnard Ph. Effective communication skills for health professionals.<br />

Nelson Thornes, 1997.<br />

3. Hogan K, Stubbs R. Can't Get Through: 8 Barriers to Communication.<br />

Pelican Publishing, 2003.<br />

4. Macrae Neil C., Stangor Charles, Hewstone Miles. Stereotypes and<br />

stereotyping. Guilford Press, 1996.<br />

5. Fishbein Harold D. Peer prejudice and discrimination: the origins of<br />

prejudice. Routledge, 2002.<br />

6. Ray Berlin Eileen, Donohew Lewis. Communication and health:<br />

systems and applications. Routledge, 1989.<br />

7. Ray Berlin Eileen. Case studies in health communication. Routledge,<br />

1993.<br />

8. Thompson Teresa L.. Handbook of health communication. Routledge,<br />

2003.<br />

133

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