BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Personality differences, Hierarchy , Disruptive behavior, Culture and ethnicity, Gender, Historical interprofessional and intraprofessional rivalries, Differences in schedules and professional routines, Varying levels of preparation, qualifications, and status, Differences in requirements, regulations, and norms of professional education, Fears of diluted professional identity, Differences in accountability, payment, and rewards, Concerns regarding clinical responsibility, Emphasis on rapid decision making. The indicated barriers can occur within disciplines, most notably between physicians and residents, surgeons and anesthesiologists, and nurses and nurse managers etc. However, most often the barriers manifest between nurses and physicians. Even though doctors and nurses interact numerous times a day, they often have different perceptions of their roles and responsibilities as to patient needs, and thus different goals for patient care. One barrier compounding this issue is that because many clinicians come from a variety of cultural backgrounds. In all interactions, cultural differences can exacerbate communication problems. For example, in some cultures, individuals refrain from being assertive or challenging opinions openly. As a result, it is very difficult for nurses from such cultures to speak up if they see something wrong. In cultures such as these, nurses may communicate their concern in very indirect ways. Culture barriers can also hinder nonverbal communication. For example, some cultures ascribe specific meaning to eye contact, certain facial expressions, touch, tone of voice, and nods of the head. Issues around gender differences in communication styles, values, and expectations are common in all workplace situations. In the health care industry, where most physicians are male and most nurses are female, communication problems are further accentuated by gender differences. A review of the organizational communication literature shows that a common barrier to effective communication and collaboration is hierarchies. The communication failures in the medical setting arise from vertical hierarchical differences, concerns with upward influence, role 131
conflict, and ambiguity and struggles with interpersonal power and conflict. Communication is likely to be distorted or withheld in situations where there are hierarchical differences between two communicators, particularly when one person is concerned about appearing incompetent, does not want to offend the other, or perceives that the other is not open to communication. In health care environments characterized by a hierarchical culture, physicians are at the top of that hierarchy. Consequently, they may feel that the environment is collaborative and that communication is open while nurses and other direct care staff perceive communication problems. Hierarchy differences can come into play and diminish the collaborative interactions necessary to ensure that the proper treatments are delivered appropriately. When hierarchy differences exist, people on the lower end of the hierarchy tend to be uncomfortable speaking up about problems or concerns. Intimidating behavior by individuals at the top of a hierarchy can hinder communication and give the impression that the individual is unapproachable. Staff who witness poor performance in their peers may be hesitant to speak up because of fear of retaliation or the impression that speaking up will not do any good. Relationships between the individuals providing patient care can have a powerful influence on how and even if important information is communicated. Research has shown that delays in patient care and recurring problems from unresolved disputes are often the byproduct of physician-nurse disagreement. Nurses are either reluctant or refuse to call physicians, even in the face of a deteriorating status in patient care. Reasons for this include intimidation, fear of getting into a confrontational or antagonistic discussion, lack of confidentiality, fear of retaliation, and the fact that nothing ever seems to change. Many of these issues have to deal more with personality and communication style. The major concern about disruptive behaviors is the potential negative impact they can have on patient care. In condition of the high rate fervency of such behavior the high responsibility lay on the shoulders of heath managers. Leaders in both medicine and nursing are obliged to issue initiatives for the development of a cooperative rather than a competitive agenda to benefit patient care. A powerful incentive for greater teamwork among professionals is created by directing attention to the areas where changes are likely to result in measurable improvements for the patients they serve together, rather than concentrating on what, on the surface, seem to be irreconcilable professional differences. The fact that most 132
Page 1 and 2:
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
Page 3 and 4:
CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
Page 5 and 6:
6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
Page 7 and 8:
1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
Page 9 and 10:
Although it usually emphasizes the
Page 11 and 12:
example of how important the nervou
Page 13 and 14:
in order to satisfy it. The further
Page 15 and 16:
arrangements of ideas accordingly w
Page 17 and 18:
To clarify the concept of emotions,
Page 19 and 20:
we have to mention the concert fact
Page 21 and 22:
3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
Page 23 and 24:
the information through to the righ
Page 25 and 26:
4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
Page 27 and 28:
2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
Page 29 and 30:
Some of the fundamental characteris
Page 31 and 32:
Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
Page 33 and 34:
These basic elements he named endom
Page 35 and 36:
Other people were strong in two ele
Page 37 and 38:
The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
Page 39 and 40:
intent expression. They have a late
Page 41 and 42:
An extravert is energized when arou
Page 43 and 44:
The Introverted Intuition Type - is
Page 45 and 46:
► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
Page 47 and 48:
person separate from other persons
Page 49 and 50:
In relation to the stratification o
Page 51 and 52:
3.3. Health Care as a Social System
Page 53 and 54:
of community health workers who wor
Page 55 and 56:
The scope of practice for a Nurse P
Page 57 and 58:
undergoing minor or intermediate pr
Page 59 and 60:
is cured, then they will all remain
Page 61 and 62:
Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
Page 63 and 64:
transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
Page 65 and 66:
All these approaches mentioned abov
Page 67 and 68:
accurate and as unbiased a manner a
Page 69 and 70:
health care facilities, pharmaceuti
Page 71 and 72:
professional, or they may have few
Page 73 and 74:
users of self-medication are well i
Page 75 and 76:
Communication as understanding: “
Page 77 and 78:
developed his ideas in a 1963 book
Page 79 and 80:
perception, unclear message, social
Page 81 and 82: The conative function is allocated
Page 83 and 84: the community. Nowadays Health comm
Page 85 and 86: • Good communication helps the pa
Page 87 and 88: The efficiency in accomplishment of
Page 89 and 90: Metacommunication and Cultural Diff
Page 91 and 92: constructed communication systems s
Page 93 and 94: During intense verbal abuse, the vi
Page 95 and 96: style of delivering a message - for
Page 97 and 98: o Many Asian cultures suppress faci
Page 99 and 100: or a decrease in a backwards lean a
Page 101 and 102: There are some cultural differences
Page 103 and 104: music affect the behavior of commun
Page 105 and 106: conversations at the same time, and
Page 107 and 108: the information sent when trying to
Page 109 and 110: Anything that is exaggerated or ove
Page 111 and 112: 4. Describe the elements of body la
Page 113 and 114: Will eat anything. Especially likes
Page 115 and 116: taken from the message (instruction
Page 117 and 118: development as effective communicat
Page 119 and 120: family. In many cases, these stereo
Page 121 and 122: from experience, perception or reas
Page 123 and 124: Indirect discrimination is often le
Page 125 and 126: Russification: Under the Russian Em
Page 127 and 128: about what they are going to say ne
Page 129 and 130: "You are frustrated because dealing
Page 131: human failings, such as tiredness a
Page 135 and 136: 7.1. The Concept of Culture Behavio
Page 137 and 138: actor that you are proper, polite,
Page 139 and 140: diverse communities. The difference
Page 141 and 142: making unpopular decisions which ne
Page 143 and 144: Identify a safe place to meet and n
Page 145 and 146: develop. One should respond slowly
Page 147 and 148: 146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
Page 149 and 150: Smoking Smoking is a major cause of
Page 151 and 152: 2. If person becomes addicted, the
Page 153 and 154: Hong Kong, physical inactivity can
Page 155 and 156: weight gain a likely possibility, s
Page 157 and 158: contemporary social conditions. Dem
Page 159: 5. Sketch a list of healthy lifesty
show all

BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?