BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

in order to satisfy it. The further the progress up the hierarchy, the more
individuality, humanness and psychological health a person will show.
Generally speaking motivation is classified in two types: intrinsic
or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is called also internal. They say that the
person is intrinsically motivated if his action (behavior) is driven by an
interest or enjoyment in the task itself, rather than relying on any external
pressure. For instance students are likely to be intrinsically motivated if
they attribute their educational results to internal factors that they can
control (e.g. the amount of effort they put in); believe they can be effective
agents in reaching desired goals (i.e. the results are not determined by
luck).Extrinsic motivation is called also external. It comes from outside of
the individual. Common extrinsic motivations are rewards like money and
grades, coercion and threat of punishment. Competition is in general
extrinsic because it encourages the performer to win and beat others, not to
enjoy the intrinsic rewards of the activity.
Motivation is many times associated with volition. Nevertheless
there is difference among them. Motivation usually is seen as a process
that leads to the forming of behavioral intentions. Volition is seen as a
process that leads from intention to actual behavior. In other words,
motivation and volition refer to goal setting and goal pursuit, respectively.
Both processes require self-regulatory efforts.
Cognition
Cognition is a complex mental phenomenon that refers to
knowledge, to the way people acquired and use their knowledge.
Cognition includes processes like perception, attention, remembering,
producing and understanding language, solving problems, and making
decisions.
Perception
Perception is the process of attaining understanding of the
environment by organizing and interpreting information got from the
traditionally recognized five senses of sight (ophthalmoception), hearing
(audioception), taste (gustaoception), smell (olfacoception or
olfacception), and touch (tactioception), and other nontraditional senses
like temperature (thermoception), kinesthetic sense (proprioception), pain
(nociception), balance (equilibrioception) and acceleration
(kinesthesioception). Perception depends on complex functions of the
nervous system, but subjectively seems mostly effortless because this
processing happens outside conscious awareness.
12