BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie

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followed by dehumanization and violence. As example is the Holocaust tragedy, which was the destruction of European Jewry by the Nazis through an officially sanctioned, government-ordered, systematic plan of mass annihilation. As many as six million Jews died, almost two-thirds of the Jews of Europe. Linguistic discrimination is discrimination based on native language, usually in the language policy especially in education of a state that has one or several linguistic minorities. People are sometimes subjected to different treatment because their preferred language is associated with a particular group, class or category. Commonly, the preferred language is just another attribute of separate ethnic groups. Discrimination exists if there is prejudicial treatment against a person or a group of people who speak a particular language or dialect. Language discrimination is suggested to be labeled linguicism or logocism. Antidiscriminatory and inclusive efforts to accommodate persons who speak different languages or cannot have fluency in the country's predominant or "official" language, is bilingualism such as official documents in two languages, and multiculturalism in more than two languages. Examples: The Coptic language: At the turn of the 8th century, Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan decreed that Arabic replace Koine Greek and Coptic as the sole administrative language. Literary Coptic gradually declined such that within a few hundred years, and suffered violent persecutions especially under the Mamluks, leading to its virtual extinction by the 17th century. Language policy of the British Empire in Ireland, Wales and Scotland: Cromwell's conquest, the long English colonization and Great Irish Famine made Irish a minority language by the end of 19th century. It had not official status until the establishment of Republic of Ireland. In Wales speaking of the Welsh language in schools was prohibited. Scottish Gaelic also had not official status until the end of 20th century. Scots was often treated as a mere dialect of English. Basque: Public usage of Basque was prohibited in Spain under Franco, 1939 to 1965. Galician and Catalan have similar histories. Kurdish: Kurdish remains banned in Syria. Until August 2002, the Turkish government placed severe restrictions on the use of Kurdish, prohibiting the language in education and broadcast media. 123
Russification: Under the Russian Empire there were some attempts in 1899-1917 to make Russian the only official language of Finland. In the Soviet Union, following the phase of Korenizatsiya ("indigenization") and before Perestroika (late 1930s to late 1980s), Russian was termed as "the language of friendship of nations", to the disadvantage of other languages of the Soviet Union. Age discrimination - is discrimination on the grounds of age; can refer to the discrimination against any age group, usually comes in one of three forms: discrimination against youth (also called adultism), discrimination against those 40 years old or older, and discrimination against elderly people. Sex, Gender and Gender Identity discrimination - refers to beliefs and attitudes in relation to the gender of a person, such beliefs and attitudes are of a social nature and do not, normally, carry any legal consequences. Caste discrimination - currently, there are an estimated 160 million Dalits or Scheduled Castes (formerly known as "untouchables") in India. Dalit people face severe problems, such as segregation and violence against them. Religious discrimination - Religious discrimination is valuing or treating a person or group differently because of what they do or do not believe. It is discrimination to treat you unfairly compared to someone else, because of your religion or belief. This is called direct discrimination and is illegal. Examples include: refusing a bank loan because the person is Jewish; refusing to allow into a restaurant because the person is Muslim ; dismissing from work because the person is Rastafarian. Disability discrimination - against people with disabilities in favor of people who are not, is called ableism or disablism. Disability discrimination, which treats non-disabled individuals as the standard of ‘normal living’, results in public and private places and services, education, and social work that are built to serve 'standard' people, thereby excluding those with various disabilities. Example of direct discrimination because of disability: a pub allows a family with a child who has cerebral palsy to drink in their beer garden but not in their family room. The family with the disabled child is not given the same choices that other families have. Example of indirect discrimination: A local authority produces an information leaflet about its services for local people. It does not produce 124
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STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PH
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CZU 316.62+ 316.77 (075.8) G 76 Apr
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6.4 Barriers and Solutions for an E
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1.1. Behavior as a Concept Introduc
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Although it usually emphasizes the
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example of how important the nervou
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in order to satisfy it. The further
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arrangements of ideas accordingly w
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To clarify the concept of emotions,
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we have to mention the concert fact
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3. Maladaptiveness of behavior. Thi
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the information through to the righ
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4. Autism Autism (from the Greek wo
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2. Milliken Mary Elizabeth, Honeycu
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Some of the fundamental characteris
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Sanguine The Sanguine temperament p
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These basic elements he named endom
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Other people were strong in two ele
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The Extreme Mesotonic - Action They
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intent expression. They have a late
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An extravert is energized when arou
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The Introverted Intuition Type - is
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► Exercises and Discussions: a. G
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person separate from other persons
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In relation to the stratification o
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3.3. Health Care as a Social System
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of community health workers who wor
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The scope of practice for a Nurse P
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undergoing minor or intermediate pr
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is cured, then they will all remain
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Obligations: (1) The sick person sh
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transitional. Szasz and Hollender's
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All these approaches mentioned abov
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accurate and as unbiased a manner a
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health care facilities, pharmaceuti
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professional, or they may have few
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Page 147 and 148: 146 Chapter 8 Health Risk Behaviors
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