BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES - Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie
The reason for this lies in the wiring of a man's and woman's brains. When a man talks, his speech is located in the left side of the brain but in no specific area. When a woman talks, the speech is located in both hemispheres and in two specific locations. This means that a man talks in a linear, logical and compartmentalized way, features of left-brain thinking; whereas a woman talks more freely mixing logic and emotion, features of both sides of the brain. It also explains why women talk for much longer than men each day. Physiological barriers: They may result from individuals' personal discomfort, caused, for example, by ill health, poor eye sight or hearing difficulties. Psychological barriers: Perceptual barriers The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didn't, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place. The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities: A traveller was walking down a road when he met a man from the next town. "Excuse me," he said. "I am hoping to stay in the next town tonight. Can you tell me what the townspeople are like?" "Well," said the townsman, "how did you find the people in the last town you visited?" "Oh, they were an irascible bunch. Kept to themselves. Took me for a fool. Over-charged me for what I got. Gave me very poor service." "Well, then," said the townsman, "you'll find them pretty much the same here." Emotional barriers One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be careful what we said to others. "Mind your P's and Q's"; "Don't speak until you're spoken to"; "Children should be seen and not heard". As a result many people hold back from communicating their thoughts and feelings to others. They feel vulnerable. While some caution may be wise in certain relationships, excessive fear of what others might think of us can stunt our 115
development as effective communicators and our ability to form meaningful relationships. Cognitive barriers: One of the most frequent cognitive barriers is stereotypes. Stereotyping causes us to typify a person, a group, an event or a thing on oversimplified conceptions, beliefs, or opinions. Thus, basketball players can be stereotyped as tall, green equipment as better than red equipment, football linemen as dumb, Ford as better than Chevrolet, Vikings as handsome, and people raised on dairy farms as interested in animals. Stereotyping can substitute for thinking, analysis and open mindedness to a new situation. Stereotyping is a barrier to communication when it causes people to act as if they already know the message that is coming from the sender or worse, as if no message is necessary because "everybody already knows." Both senders and listeners should continuously look for and address thinking, conclusions and actions based on stereotypes. Social barriers When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we need to adopt the behavior patterns of the group. These are the behaviors that the group accepts as signs of belonging. The group rewards such behavior through acts of recognition, approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you and where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high level of win-win contact. Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group, a high level of game-playing replaces good communication. e. Barriers on the level of code When is spoken about barriers on the level of code is meant most commonly language barriers. Language that describes what we want to say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others. Different languages represent a national barrier which is particularly important for organizations involved in overseas business. In a global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is to talk in their language 116
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<strong>de</strong>velopment as effective communicators and our ability to form<br />
meaningful relationships.<br />
Cognitive barriers:<br />
One of the most frequent cognitive barriers is stereotypes.<br />
Stereotyping causes us to typify a person, a group, an event or a<br />
thing on oversimplified conceptions, beliefs, or opinions. Thus, basketball<br />
players can be stereotyped as tall, green equipment as better than red<br />
equipment, football linemen as dumb, Ford as better than Chevrolet,<br />
Vikings as handsome, and people raised on dairy farms as interested in<br />
animals. Stereotyping can substitute for thinking, analysis and open<br />
min<strong>de</strong>dness to a new situation.<br />
Stereotyping is a barrier to communication when it causes people<br />
to act as if they already know the message that is coming from the sen<strong>de</strong>r<br />
or worse, as if no message is necessary because "everybody already<br />
knows." Both sen<strong>de</strong>rs and listeners should continuously look for and<br />
address thinking, conclusions and actions based on stereotypes.<br />
Social barriers<br />
When we join a group and wish to remain in it, sooner or later we<br />
need to adopt the behavior patterns of the group. These are the behaviors<br />
that the group accepts as signs of belonging.<br />
The group rewards such behavior through acts of recognition,<br />
approval and inclusion. In groups which are happy to accept you and<br />
where you are happy to conform, there is a mutuality of interest and a high<br />
level of win-win contact.<br />
Where, however, there are barriers to your membership of a group,<br />
a high level of game-playing replaces good communication.<br />
e. Barriers on the level of co<strong>de</strong><br />
When is spoken about barriers on the level of co<strong>de</strong> is meant most<br />
commonly language barriers. Language that <strong>de</strong>scribes what we want to<br />
say in our terms may present barriers to others who are not familiar with<br />
our expressions, buzz-words and jargon. When we couch our<br />
communication in such language, it is a way of excluding others.<br />
Different languages represent a national barrier which is<br />
particularly important for organizations involved in overseas business. In a<br />
global market place the greatest compliment we can pay another person is<br />
to talk in their language<br />
116
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