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NOTES TO PAGES 268–271
60. Campaign fi gures are from Tom Palmer, interview with Edward Crane III, June
28, 1984, Interviews with Libertarian Party Members, 1984, Box 11, LPP; vote total from
“Editorial Research Report: Libertarian’s Alaskan Warm-up,” Congressional Quarterly,
August 17, 1982.
61. Before joining the Republican Party, Norton was active in Libertarian Party politics,
particularly the 1980 presidential campaign. Laura Flanders, Bushwomen: Tales of a
Cynical Species (New York: Verso, 2004).
62. Rand, Ayn Rand Answers, 72, 74, 73.
63. Edward H. Crane, “How Now, Ayn Rand?,” Option 2, no. 2 (1974): 15, reprinted
from LP News, December 1973, Box 3, Walter Papers.
64. Although two biographies of Greenspan credit his involvement with the campaign
to Len Garment, both Greenspan and Anderson remember that Anderson was
the person who introduced him to Nixon and involved him in the presidential campaign.
Author interview with Martin Anderson, January 11, 2008; Alan Greenspan, personal
communication to author, February 27, 2009; Justin Martin, Greenspan: The Man
behind the Money (Cambridge, MA: Perseus, 2000), 45; Jerome Tuccille, Alan Shrugged:
Alan Greenspan, the World’s Most Powerful Banker (New York: Wiley, 2002). Anderson
included an excerpt from Rand in Martin Anderson and Barbara Honegger, eds., The
Military Draft: Selected Readings on Conscription (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution
Press, 1982). For more on the Gates Commission, see Bernard D. Rostker, I Want You!
The Evolution of the All-Volunteer Force (Washington, DC: RAND Corporation, 2006).
65. The Austrians remained a tiny minority within the economics profession but
established durable clusters at George Mason University, Auburn University, and the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas. Karen Iversen Vaughn, Austrian Economics in America:
The Migration of a Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994). The law
and economics movement is described in Steven M. Teles, The Rise of the Conservative
Legal Movement (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008), especially chapter
4. Although not libertarian per se, the work of rational choice theorists made thinkers
in multiple academic disciplines more receptive to individualism. S. M. Amadae,
Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003).
66. Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia (New York: Basic Books, 1974), 115.
Nozick addressed Objectivism directly in Anarchy, State, and Utopia (177–79) and in a
separate essay, “On the Randian Argument,” In Socratic Puzzles (Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1997), 249–64. Although he sharply criticized Rand’s arguments, Nozick
called her “an interesting thinker, worthy of attention.” Nozick’s encounter with libertarianism
and Rothbard is described in Socratic Puzzles, 1, 7–8, and in Ralph Raico,
“Robert Nozick: A Historical Note,” available at www.lewrockwell.com/raico/raico15.html
[November 27, 2008]. For a sympathetic treatment of Nozick that explains his relationship
to other strains of libertarianism, see Edward Feder, On Nozick (Toronto: Wadsworth,
2004). Details of Nozick at the Libertarian Party convention are given in Ian Young, “Gay
Rights and the Libertarians,” Libertarian Option, January 1976, 9–30, Box 3, Walter Papers.
Nozick argued that a gay candidate might attract urban and younger voters.
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