Advanced Package Training Scaffolding 2011.1 - Scia-Software GbR

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44 Advanced Training The choice of the Timoshenko Method and the maximal amount of iterations can be specified through Calculation, Mesh > Solver Setup. Newton Raphson The second method is the so called Newton-Raphson method (Th.III.O) which is based on the Newton-Raphson method for the solution of non-linear equations. This method is a more general applicable method which is very solid for most types of problems. It can be used for very large deformations and rotations; however, as specified the limitation of small strains is still applicable. Mathematically, the method is based on a step-by-step augmentation of the load. This incremental method is illustrated on the following diagram:
Start Choose ΔF u0 = 0 F0 = 0 F = F0 + ΔF Determine KT at F0 Solve KT. Δu = F u = u0 + Δu Convergence in u? Stop Yes Any ΔF left? No u0 = u Determine F0 45 Scaffolding In this figure, the tangential stiffness KT is used. The symbol u depicts the displacements and F is the force matrix. The original Newton-Raphson method changes the tangential stiffness in each iteration. There are also adapted procedures which keep the stiffness constant in certain zones during for example one increment. SCIA ENGINEER uses the original method. As a limitation, the rotation achieved in one increment should not exceed 5°. No The accuracy of the method can be increased through refinement of the finite element mesh and by increasing the number of increments. By default, when the Newton-Raphson method is used, the Number of increments is set to 5 and the number of 1D elements is set to 4 in the mesh setup. In the Mesh setup we also advise to deactivate the option “Generation of nodes in connections of beam elements”.
Page 1 and 2: Advanced Package Training Scaffoldi
Page 3 and 4: Contents 1. Introduction ..........
Page 5 and 6: 1. Introduction 5 Scaffolding This
Page 7 and 8: Materials 7 Scaffolding For the mat
Page 9 and 10: FLOOR BOARDS 9 Scaffolding The inpu
Page 11 and 12: END INPUT OF CONSTRUCTION 11 Scaffo
Page 13 and 14: q2: Partial area load (EN12811-1, 6
Page 15 and 16: Load Case 1: Self Weight 15 Scaffol
Page 17 and 18: 17 Scaffolding In the example discu
Page 19 and 20: 1 2 q p ( z) = ce ( z) ⋅ qb = ce
Page 21 and 22: q p e 21 Scaffolding EN 12811-1 §6
Page 23 and 24: 4. Results It is recommended to fir
Page 25 and 26: 6. Scaffolding SLS Check - EN 12811
Page 27 and 28: 7. Steel Code Check ULS Check - EN
Page 29 and 30: Stability Check Buckling data 29 Sc
Page 31 and 32: - Go to the menu “Steel -> Check
Page 33 and 34: 8. Scaffolding ULS Check - EN 12811
Page 35 and 36: 9. Non-Linear Combinations Overview
Page 37 and 38: 1a 5.2.2(3)c lb based on a global b
Page 39 and 40: These inclination functions are ent
Page 41 and 42: 41 Scaffolding The buckling curve u
Page 43: 43 Scaffolding In this figure, the
Page 47 and 48: 47 Scaffolding As specified, the Ne
Page 49 and 50: 49 Scaffolding In the results menu,
Page 51 and 52: ∙ + ∙ = ∙ The equation f
Page 53 and 54: Example Stability_Imperfe Imperfect
Page 55 and 56: Buckling Shape [-] A polynomial has
Page 57 and 58: 57 Scaffolding Using this combinati
Page 59 and 60: 12. Input Hinge Types and non-linea
Page 61 and 62: The rigidities are filled out and t
Page 63 and 64: 63 Scaffolding It is assumed that t
Page 65 and 66: 13. Scaffolding - Coupler Check Whe
Page 67 and 68: The internal force My for this beam
Page 69 and 70: Example ULS Check - Scaffolding che
Page 71 and 72: 71 Scaffolding
Page 73 and 74: 73 Scaffolding Where L is the membe
Page 75 and 76: 75 Scaffolding
Page 77 and 78: Shear The design value of the shear
Page 79 and 80: For a solid bar, round tube and hho
Page 81 and 82: 17. Template To create a template,
Page 83 and 84: 3. Inserting the user block into an
Page 85 and 86: Annex A: Wind pressure versus Wind

Advanced Package Training Scaffolding 2011.1 - Scia-Software GbR

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