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50 THE ANALECTS: INTRODUCTION.
if|and depressed,* educinga querulousremai'kfloraTz_
Lu, XV. I, but the Master maintained a cheerful courage
throughout, even playing on his lute and singing. It is
probably this time of peril he recalls, in the lament of his
old age that none of his companions of that period were
now left to him. XI. 2.
After remaining in Ts'ai a year or so, he proceeded to
another barony overshadowed by Ch'u named She _
whose i'uler had unlawfully assumed the title of duke. In
an interview with Tz_ Lu the "duke i' asked what sort of
a man his Master was, to which question Tz_ Lu either
found no reply, or disdained an answer. VII. i8. When
this same duke enquired of Confucius the art of government
he replied, that it was so to ameliorate the lot of
one's own people that others would be attracted from afar.
XIII. ,6, see also i8.
The two episodes of the recluses recorded in XVIII, 6,
7, _tre said to have occurred while on his return to Ts'ai.
tn one of these Confucius gives utterance to the wise
sentiment, that man is not meant to herd with birds and
beasts but with mankind, and that it is only in times of
decadence that a Reformer is needed and finds his work.
The ruler of the great State of Ch'u, whose name was
Chao 1_, and who styled himself King, _ • interested in
the presence of so distinguished a Philosopher within'lais
domain, sent an invitation to him to visit his Court, Which
was at the modern I Ch'eng hsien _1[ J_ I_, in Hsiang
Chutz_ observes that this must 'ha_e occurred, l_etween Wei and
C.h'en, and not in the domain of Ch'u.-