ISS 25 (1995).pdf - The International Council of Museums

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events in France.in 196B. started the new movement among the French museums. New notions c ame into the museum world as: identity . territory. participation o r community. In the eighties the rentability o f museums and the prestigious arc hitectural projects pressed out the notion of community. Stating that the traditional communities have split and that individualism has got stronger, she notices the new social groups that have a need for museums: illiterates, immigrants rejected by the nationals, the unemployed left outside the working community. Posing questions like: how can museums cope with such situation, or , are there new forms of museal action to imagine, she opens the discussion about the new position and forms of museums. Lynn Haranda, from the Vancouver Museum in Canada in her paper 'Museums and the community' tries to present analytically the given relation. Discussing more the concept of community than of the museums. she states that museums serve a community only by answering the fundamental questions on human existence . Community is an aggregate of people with a joint interest neighbourhood , profession. intellectual inquiry , nationalist motives. Identifying the contemporary pressure. the conflict and the political meaning, she tries to search for a solution, saying that museums are becoming responsive to a variety of community voices and sensitive to financial relationships, Pleading for more complete studying of the public reactions , sentiments and desire, she states that communities use the museum as a power basis from which to disseminate their messages. Raymond Hontpetit from the University of Quebec in Montreal, Canada, in his paper 'Museums. interpreters of heritage for community appropriation' emphasizes the heritage belonging to the communities, discussing the features of heritage as: the living heritage of traditional cultures, the heritage of collections, the museum heritage and the cultural resources of postindustrial societies. He states that the present state of heritage is marked by hesitating between the 'national' and 'global' heritage. Presuming that a heritage is today defined in a more economic perspective as a leisure resource. he sees the importance of tourism and information highways as ways of reaching the global community. Teresa Cristina Scheiner from Brazil, in her paper 'On museum, communities and the relativity of it all', insists on the relativity of museums. Discussing the idea of museum and museology she stresses two basic characteristics of the museum: its intrinsic relationship with nature and culture, 12
and its plurality. Continuing on the discussion o f community she states that it is necessary to identify to which community we a r e referring to when proposing the museological action. Museum and community are relative concepts, the first one is promoting the capacity of the museological community, the second one requiring a high degree of participation and the third one implying that search for knowledge must be done in the communities themselves. Nicola Ladkin from Museum of Texas Tech University from Lubbock, USA , in her paper 'Museums and Communities: an ecological approach' examines museum as a species within its natural environment and community as synonymous with ecosystem. She establishes the term 'museum ecology' and specifies that it investigates the relationship between museums, community, ecosystems and global natural environment . Museums are a complex species tied in a great web of diverse spatial. physical and communal interrelationships. Cultural forces as history, politics. law and transferral of knowledge operate within the community ecosystem in the same way as environmental forces. Museums are unfinished institutions. they are in evolution. Museums can change their behaviour to better operate in their community. An understanding of community dynamics assists museologists to develop organization and management . This approach is very useful for the understanding of the relation between museum and community. Haria de Lourdes Horta, from Brazil. in her paper 'Museums and Communities: a powerful equation, , ' states that at the present time there is nothing more 'museological' than this subject theme. Conflicts between indigenous and dominant cultures are the conflicts of power. The power in museumcommunity relationship means the control of mental territories. Museums have the role in this conflict. She explains the problem of identity in Brazilian cultural melting pot by some examples from the southern region of the country with the population of previously European origin. Through the interpretation of three case studies, one finished, one in due course and one in the early stage of the project she explains the notions of heritage. identity amnesia, heritage education and cultural power. She states that museology can be a tool to be empowering people in their daily fight to survive. It appears the most important to learn how to share museum power with community needs. It is the challenge for the museum world today. Jean Trudel, from the University of Montreal in Canada. in his paper 'Museums and cultural 13
Page 1: Symposium MUSEUM AND COMMUNITY II J
Page 4 and 5: IV MUSEUM AND MUSEOLOGY IN NORWAY A
Page 7: SYMPOSIUM MUSEUM AND COMMUNITY, Par
Page 11: heritage as community appropriation
Page 19: Dr. Eurydice in the paper 'Museums
Page 22 and 23: For museums this would mean -among
Page 24 and 25: Given the fact that museums have an
Page 26 and 27: 5. CuraLOr 37. no 4 (1994), p. 227.
Page 30 and 31: "pauimoine" de tous. n s'agit de re
Page 35 and 36: La troisieme communaute - qui aujou
Page 37 and 38: Heritage, Museum, Territory and Com
Page 39 and 40: to promote communication and educat
Page 41 and 42: ''The museum must openly embrace th
Page 43 and 44: MUSEUMS and COMMUNITIES: a powerful
Page 45 and 46: have many of the great museums adop
Page 47 and 48: first immigrant housing. The first
Page 49 and 50: plantation and harvesting times. Af
Page 53: Museums and Communities - case stud
Page 58: climate around them, and once this
Page 62 and 63:
Fuller, Nancy J 1992 The Museum as
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The nature of museums MUSEUMS AND T
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to all. It appears that history can
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fees for services and admissions in
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"Les musees. interoretes du oatrimo
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II ne s'agit plus d'un patrimoine o
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des courants tres divers dans leur
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During the Nineteenth Century sanct
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the community more effectively and
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Paivi-Marjut Raippalinna REGIONAL A
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insitutional ideas of Pierre Bourdi
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ON MUSEUM, COMMUNITIES AND THE RELA
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original environment - as if it was
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Des etudes recentes prevoient que,
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eserves, d'espaces d'exposition tem
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Si les musees du Quebec veulent etr
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These observations reprooving to th
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The Life Itself Provides The Topics
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MUSEUMS AND COMMUNITY FINAL REMARKS
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II MUSEUM AND COMMUNITY MUSEOLOGY A
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La question que I'on peut se poser
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ICOFOM Stavanger 1995 approaches do
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ICOFOM Stavanger 1995 The 'Declarat
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Paule Doucet (1995) «Les nouvelles
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politiques dans des efforts de depa
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constitution de leur action patrimo
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Conclusions Ces quelques dimensions
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ICOFOMIStavanger cours des annees 1
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ICOFOM/ Stavanger core dans une log
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ICOFOM/ Stavanger qualitative) est
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ICOFOMlStavanger Davallon (J.). 199
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) What is a museum? That is a recur
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IV MUSEUMS AND MUSEOLOGY IN NORWAY
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II. Looking at the Nordic museums,
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V,las founctea. ill llSbj. At 1 UfK
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Construction d'une identite nationa
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La culture nationale est fabriquee
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Le La pan - l' etranger de l'interi
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An Industrial Community and its Her
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and the curator has the role as a s
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and what we lost when the air and t
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Fig. :i 209
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ICOFOM LAM REPORT 1990 - 1995 Durin
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AUTHORS Per-Uno AGREN, Umea Univers
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