Carl%20Sagan%20-%20The%20Demon%20Haunted%20World
Carl%20Sagan%20-%20The%20Demon%20Haunted%20World Carl%20Sagan%20-%20The%20Demon%20Haunted%20World
THE DEMON-HAUNTED WORLD variation runs to bell-type curves. There's an average value of any quality, and smaller numbers of people running off in both extremes. Some stereotyping is the result of not controlling the variables, of forgetting what other factors might be in play. For example, it used to be that there were almost no women in science. Many male scientists were vehement: this proved that women lacked the ability to do science. Temperamentally, it didn't fit them, it was too difficult, it required a kind of intelligence that women don't have, they're too emotional to be objective, can you think of any great women theoretical physicists? . . . and so on. Since then the barriers have come tumbling down. Today women populate most of the subdisciplines of science. In my own fields of astronomy and planetary studies, women have recently burst upon the scene, making discovery after discovery, and providing a desperately needed breath of fresh air. So what data were they missing, all those famous male scientists of the 1950s and 1960s and earlier who had pronounced so authoritatively on the intellectual deficiencies of women? Plainly, society was preventing women from entering science, and then criticizing them for it, confusing cause and effect: You want to be an astronomer, young woman? Sorry. Why can't you? Because you're unsuited. How do we know you're unsuited? Because women have never been astronomers. Put so baldly, the case sounds absurd. But the contrivances of bias can be subtle. The despised group is rejected by spurious arguments, sometimes done with such confidence and contempt that many of us, including some of the victims themselves, fail to recognize it as self-serving sleight of hand. Casual observers of meetings of sceptics, and those who glance at the list of CSICOP Fellows, have noted a great preponderance of men. Others claim disproportionate numbers of women among believers in astrology (horoscopes in most 'women's' but few 'men's' magazines), crystals, ESP and the like. Some commentators suggest that there is something peculiarly male about scepticism. It's hard-driving, competitive, confrontational, toughminded - whereas women, they say, are more accepting, 356
Maxwell and The Nerds consensus-building, and uninterested in challenging conventional wisdom. But in my experience women scientists have just as finely honed sceptical senses as their male counterparts; that's just part of being a scientist. This criticism, if that's what it is, is presented to the world in the usual ragged disguise: if you discourage women from being sceptical and don't train them in scepticism, then sure enough you may find that many women aren't sceptical. Open the doors and let them in, and they're as sceptical as anybody else. One of the stereotyped occupations is science. Scientists are nerds, socially inept, working on incomprehensible subjects that no normal person would find in any way interesting - even if he were willing to invest the time required, which, again, no sensible person would. 'Get a life,' you might want to tell them. I asked for a fleshed-out contemporary characterization of science-nerds from an expert on eleven-year-olds of my acquaintance. I should stress that she is merely reporting, not necessarily endorsing, the conventional prejudices: Nerds wear their belts just under their rib cages. Their short-sleeve shirts are equipped with pocket protectors in which is displayed a formidable array of multicoloured pens and pencils. A programmable calculator is carried in a special belt holster. They all wear thick glasses with broken nose-pieces that have been repaired with Band- Aids. They are bereft of social skills, and oblivious or indifferent to the lack. When they laugh, what comes out is a snort. They jabber at each other in an incomprehensible language. They'll jump at the opportunity to work for extra credit in all classes except gym. They look down on normal people, who in turn laugh at them. Most nerds have names like Norman. (The Norman Conquest involved a horde of high-belted, pocket-protected, calculator-carrying nerds with broken glasses invading England.) There are more boy nerds than girl nerds, but there are plenty of both. Nerds don't date. If you're a nerd you can't be cool. Also vice versa. This of course is a stereotype. There are scientists who dress elegantly, who are devastatingly cool, who many people long to date, who do not carry concealed calculators to social events. Some you'd never guess were scientists if you invited them to your home. But other scientists do match the stereotype, more or less. They're pretty socially inept. There may be, proportionately, 357
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Maxwell and The Nerds<br />
consensus-building, and uninterested in challenging conventional<br />
wisdom. But in my experience women scientists have just as finely<br />
honed sceptical senses as their male counterparts; that's just part<br />
of being a scientist. This criticism, if that's what it is, is presented<br />
to the world in the usual ragged disguise: if you discourage women<br />
from being sceptical and don't train them in scepticism, then sure<br />
enough you may find that many women aren't sceptical. Open the<br />
doors and let them in, and they're as sceptical as anybody else.<br />
One of the stereotyped occupations is science. Scientists are<br />
nerds, socially inept, working on incomprehensible subjects that<br />
no normal person would find in any way interesting - even if he<br />
were willing to invest the time required, which, again, no sensible<br />
person would. 'Get a life,' you might want to tell them.<br />
I asked for a fleshed-out contemporary characterization of<br />
science-nerds from an expert on eleven-year-olds of my acquaintance.<br />
I should stress that she is merely reporting, not necessarily<br />
endorsing, the conventional prejudices:<br />
Nerds wear their belts just under their rib cages. Their short-sleeve<br />
shirts are equipped with pocket protectors in which is displayed a<br />
formidable array of multicoloured pens and pencils. A programmable<br />
calculator is carried in a special belt holster. They all wear thick<br />
glasses with broken nose-pieces that have been repaired with Band-<br />
Aids. They are bereft of social skills, and oblivious or indifferent to<br />
the lack. When they laugh, what comes out is a snort. They jabber at<br />
each other in an incomprehensible language. They'll jump at the<br />
opportunity to work for extra credit in all classes except gym. They<br />
look down on normal people, who in turn laugh at them. Most nerds<br />
have names like Norman. (The Norman Conquest involved a horde<br />
of high-belted, pocket-protected, calculator-carrying nerds with broken<br />
glasses invading England.) There are more boy nerds than girl<br />
nerds, but there are plenty of both. Nerds don't date. If you're a nerd<br />
you can't be cool. Also vice versa.<br />
This of course is a stereotype. There are scientists who dress<br />
elegantly, who are devastatingly cool, who many people long to date,<br />
who do not carry concealed calculators to social events. Some you'd<br />
never guess were scientists if you invited them to your home.<br />
But other scientists do match the stereotype, more or less.<br />
They're pretty socially inept. There may be, proportionately,<br />
357