Book of Medical Disorders in Pregnancy - Tintash

Inhalation of volatile organic compounds
is a particular practice of children and
teenagers. A variety of other materials
are also used i.e. glue, toluene, gasoline,
solvents, thinners, and aerosols. Maternal
and neonatal renal tubular acidosis,
pulmonary injury, and cardiac arrhythmias
are exacerbated. Preterm delivery,
intrauterine growth retardation,
and fetal death have been reported when
these agents are abused during pregnancy.
Caffeine:
Fig14.1: Shows schematic presentation of various drugs in
pregnancy.
Caffeine, like theophylline is rapidly
absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Its half-life is increased two to three fold
in pregnancy.
It is known to cross the placenta. The
average daily intake is 99 mg, and
approximately 28% of pregnant women
consume more than 150 mg of caffeine
per day throughout pregnancy.
185
There is no evidence that caffeine intake
has any adverse effect on late pregnancy
outcome or fetal growth.
Caffeine intake of greater than 150
mg/day increases the risk of late first
trimester and second trimester
spontaneous abortion. Coffee per se may
be more embryo toxic than other
caffeine sources.
REFERENCE:
1. Australian Drug Evaluation Committee.
Medicines in Pregnancy: An Australian
Categorization of Risk. Canberra,
Australia: AGPS. 1992.
2. Gray J, Weaver R, Bollert J et al. The
oral toxicity of clindamycin in
laboratory animals. Toxicol Appl
Pharmacol 1972; 21: 516.
3. Hengst VP. Investigations of the
teratogenicity of daraprim
(pyrimethamine) in humans. Zentralbl
Gynakol 1972; 94: 551.