Book of Medical Disorders in Pregnancy - Tintash

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is capable of breaking off and developping into a new tapeworm. Understanding infection vs. disease: There's a distinct difference between infection and disease. Infection, often the first step, occurs when bacteria, viruses or other microbes enter your body and begin to multiply. Disease occurs when the cells in your body are damaged â€” as a result of the infection â€” and signs and symptoms of an illness appear. In response to infection, your immune system springs into action. An army of white blood, cells, antibodies and other mechanisms goes to work to rid your body of whatever is causing the infection. For instance, in fighting off the common cold, your body might react with fever, coughing and sneezing. Warding off germs and infection What's the best way to stay disease-free? Prevent infections from happening in the first place. You can prevent infection through simple tactics such as regular hand washing, vaccinations and appropriate medications. Hand washing: Often over looked, hand washing is one of the easiest and most effective ways to protect yourself from germs and most infections. Wash your hands thoroughly before preparing or eating food, after coughing or sneezing, after changing a diaper and after using the toilet. When soap and water aren't readily available, alcohol-based hand sanitizing gels can offer protection. 151 Vaccines: Vaccination is your best line of defense for certain diseases. As researchers understand more about what causes disease, the list of vaccine-preventable diseases continues to gr-ow. Many vaccines are given in childhood, but adults still need to be routinely vaccinated to pre-vent some illnesses, such as tet-anus and influenza. Medicines: Some medicines can help you from becoming susceptible to germs. For example, taking an anti-parasitic medication might protect you from contracting malaria if you travel to or live in an area where your risk is high. Or when you are at high risk of exposure to certain organisms â€” such as those that cause bacterial meningitis â€” your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to lower your risk of infection. Using over-thecounter antibiotic creams can decrease the chance of infection of minor cuts and scrapes. But long term, indiscriminate use of antibiotics isn't recommended in most cases. It won't prevent bacterial infections and instead may result in a more resistant, harder to treat strain of bacteria when infections do occur. When to seek medical care: Although some infectious diseases, such as the common cold, might not require a visit to the doctor, others might. Seek medical care if you suspect that you have an infection and you have experienced any of the following: • An animal or human bite • Difficulty breathing • A cough lasting longer than a week • A fever of 100.4 F (38.0 C) or more • Periods of rapid heartbeat
• A rash, especially if it's accompanied by a fever • Swelling • Blurred vision or other difficulty seeing • Persistent vomiting • An unusual or severe headache Your doctor can perform diagnostic tests to find out if you're infected, the seriousness of the infection, and how best to treat that infection. REFERENCE: 1. Siegel M, Fuerst HT, Guinee VF (1971). "Rubella epidemicity and embryopathy. Results of a long-term prospective study". Am. J. Dis. Child. 121 (6): 469– 73. PMID 5581012. 2. Kinney JS, Kumar ML (December 1988). "Should we expand the TORCH complex? A description of clinical and diagnostic aspects of selected old and new agents". Clin Perinatol 15 (4): 727– 44. PMID 2850128. 3. Vivarelli R, Grosso S, Cioni M, et al. (March 2001). "Pseudo-TORCH syndrome or Baraitser-Reardon syndrome: diagnostic criteria". Brain Dev. 23 (1): 18–23. doi:10.1016/S0387- 7604(00)00188-1. PMID 112267 4. Knoblauch H, Tennstedt C, Brueck W, et al. (July 2003). "Two brothers with findings resembling congenital intrauterine infection-like syndrome (pseudo-TORCH syndrome)". Am. J. Med. Genet. A 120A (2): 261–5. doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.20138. PMID 12833411. 5. França CM, Mugayar LR (2004). "Intrauterine infections: a literature review". Spec Care Dentist 24 (5): 250– 3. doi:10.1111/j.1754- 4505.2004.tb01701.x. PMID 15552342. 6. Abdel-Fattah SA, Bhat A, Illanes S, Bartha JL, Carrington D (November 152 2005). "TORCH test for fetal medicine indications: only CMV is necessary in the United Kingdom". Prenat. Diagn. 25 (11): 1028–31. doi:10.1002/pd.1242. PMID 16231309. 7. Li D, Yang H, Zhang WH, et al. (2006). "A simple parallel analytical method of prenatal screening". Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 62 (4): 220–5. doi:10.1159/000094092. PMID 16791006.
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MEDICAL DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY M. S
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PREFACE Almost all medical disorder
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Dedication This manuscript is dedic
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Uri. Elkayam MD Professor of Cardio
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Chapter No: 1 Anaemia in pregnancy:
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performance. Tiredness, listlessnes
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pregnancy and labour. The monthly b
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Fig 1.3: Shows developmental stages
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Prophylactic this includes routine
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granulocytes and thrombocyte is als
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or because the hemoglobin A is repl
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iron. Decrease in the number of gra
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Labor/delivery: Expedite for normal
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Risk factors: The risk of GDM incre
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to a large extent on the measure of
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vomiting, or through intercurrent i
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largely related to the problems of
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femoral epiphyses can help in asses
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in a randomized design the efficacy
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of the previous day’s dose of ins
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women with vascular disease are awa
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Chapter No 3 THYROID DISEASE IN PRE
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such as phenobarbitone 30 mg given
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REFERENCES: 1. Hawe, P. and Francis
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Incidence - Its incidence varies ac
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cerning the disturbance in the Reni
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Renal function: In normal pregnant
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severe pre eclampsia and eclampsia
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Epipastic pain: It is also a late s
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arely occurs. However, if pregnancy
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differentiating between chronic hyp
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fetuses. Recent studies indicate th
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to procrastinate all available meth
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cases are said to occur up to 1 wee
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has been carried out. There can be
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intensive care room for the next 48
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Severe pre eclampsia at or remote f
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Chapter No: 5 HEART DISEASE IN PREG
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pregnancy. The increase in volume i
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Fourth Heart sound - This is rarely
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Class III - With cardiac disease pr
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differentiate from hemodynamically
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dominant). Jervell + Lange Nielson
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striking of which is stippling seen
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increase venous pressure and burden
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determine whether she will be safe
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supplemental 02. Fetal surveillance
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11. Percutaneous transluminal angio
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ureter at the pelvic brim may play
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Fig6.3: Shows location of kidney in
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A clear cut history of streptococca
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(a) Polycystic renal disease - Fort
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with patients in this category. In
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2. Beard, R.W.and Roberts, A.P. (19
Page 110 and 111: increases slightly. Arterial blood
Page 112 and 113: scan, 0.004 Gy; pulmonary angiograp
Page 114 and 115: CD4 + cell count (200/ml) should re
Page 116 and 117: embark upon a pregnancy. Severe air
Page 118 and 119: Chapter No: 8 LIVER DISEASE IN PREG
Page 120 and 121: owel, but conjugated bilirubin is n
Page 122 and 123: Hepatic causes - Viral hepatitis bo
Page 124 and 125: Immunoprophylaxis at birth followed
Page 126 and 127: highest reported rate of vertical t
Page 128 and 129: curs in 60 to 70 percent of subsequ
Page 130 and 131: Chronic liver disease: An increased
Page 132 and 133: 22. Riely CA. Hepatic disease in pr
Page 134 and 135: ilirubin is transported across the
Page 136 and 137: when the titre is greater than 1: 3
Page 138 and 139: Induction of labour: When screening
Page 140 and 141: Blood brain barrier and bilirubin e
Page 142 and 143: place if the infant develops jaundi
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCES 1. UpToDate a. “Pathog
Page 146 and 147: of embolus formation is far less in
Page 148 and 149: Unfortunately this faculty is not a
Page 150 and 151: hours. The maximal effect takes 36
Page 152 and 153: may complain of constricting type o
Page 154 and 155: When the embolus is small and non f
Page 156 and 157: 3. Sukal S, Geronemus R. "Deep Veno
Page 158 and 159: damage specific cells in the tissue
Page 162 and 163: Chapter No: 12 PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Page 164 and 165: sporozoite stage. The main characte
Page 166 and 167: insect repellents and insecticide s
Page 168 and 169: is 2 tablets i.e. (400 mgs) thrice
Page 170 and 171: Cardiac failure resulting from seve
Page 172 and 173: dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and even obs
Page 174 and 175: Chapter No: 13 VIRAL DISEASES IN PR
Page 176 and 177: after exposure favors but does not
Page 178 and 179: Fig13.4: shows CMV infection rash o
Page 180 and 181: three quarters of HYH strains isola
Page 182 and 183: where 'T' stands for toxoplasmosis
Page 184 and 185: Chapter No: 14 Introduction: The dr
Page 186 and 187: hexacyanoferrate (II) 2H2O (Prussia
Page 188 and 189: Restricted indications: Anti lepros
Page 190 and 191: potential Teratogen and inhibits ma
Page 192 and 193: placental abruption, and intrauteri
Page 194 and 195: Inhalation of volatile organic comp
Page 196 and 197: Chapter No: 15 Pregnancy is a norma
Page 198 and 199: time periods during the pregnancy f
Page 200 and 201: y the maternal kidney in urine or b
Page 202 and 203: continues after the end of the uter
Page 204 and 205: Amniography - In this technique rad
Page 206 and 207: at the cranial end of the neural tu
Page 208 and 209: least maceration: placenta, lung, a
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fetal hydrops with monosomy X, or T
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cause progressive renal failure as
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9. Papageorgiou, E.A.; Karagrigorio
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position of the head. The student s
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centimeter ruler is placed alongsid
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echoes in B mode. The operator appl
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also affects depth resolution and t
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From twelve week onwards the bipari
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tract. Normal kidneys can easily be
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3.19, 1.29 and 1.30, respectively [
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iodinated contrast during pregnancy
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Only tiny amounts of iodinated or g
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intraperitoneal hemorrhage, or inju
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REFERENCE: 1. Stewart A, Webb J, Gi
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cardiac defects 181, 200 cardiac di
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gestational age 26, 31, 40, 165, 19
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monitoring, invasive 83-6 monosomy
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sensitization 124-5 sepsis 22, 95-6
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