Book of Medical Disorders in Pregnancy - Tintash

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3. Sukal S, Geronemus R. "Deep Venous Thrombosis Following Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Case Report" Dermatol Surg. 34(3):414-417. 2008 4. Geerts WH, Bergqvist D, Pineo GF, Heit JA, Samama CM, Lassen MR, Colwell CW; American College of Chest Physicians (2008). "Prevention of venous thromboembolism: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence- Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)". Chest 133 (6): 381S-453S. doi:10.1378/chest.08-0656. PMID 18574271. 5. Schulman S, Kearon C, Kakkar AK, et al (2009). "Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism". N Engl J Med 361: Online first. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0906598. PMID 19966341. 147
Chapter No: 11 Introduction: INFECTIONS IN PREGNANCY All infections occurring in pregnancy can not be discussed in this chapter Specific bacterial infections will be discussed in the chapters on different organs or tissues affected but the viral and worm infestations will be discussed separately in the preceding chapters. General Principals of bacterial infections are discussed here in this chapter with brief account of viral and worms affecting human beings. Bacteria, viruses and other infectious organisms â€” germs â€” live everywhere. You can find them in the air, on food, plants and animals, in the soil, in the water, and on just about every other surface â€” including your own body. These microbes range in size from microscopic single-celled organisms to parasitic worms that can grow to several feet in length. Most of these organisms won't harm you. Your immune system protects you against a multitude of infectious agents. However, some bacteria and viruses are formidable adversaries because they're constantly mutating to breach your immune system's defenses. Fig11.1: Shows bacteria under the microscope. 148 E. coli O157:H7 is a bacterium responsible for food borne infections often linked to eating undercooked ground beef or improperly washed vegetables. Bacteria: Bacteria are one-celled organisms visible only with a microscope. They're so small that if you lined up a thousand of them end to end, they could fit across the end of a pencil eraser. They're shaped like short rods, spheres or spirals. Bacteria are self sufficient they don't need a host to reproduce and they multiply by subdivision. Among the earliest forms of life on earth, bacteria have evolved to thrive in a variety of environments. Some can withstand searing heat or frigid cold, and others can survive radiation levels that would be lethal to humans. Many bacteria, however, prefer the mild environment of a healthy body. Not all bacteria are harmful. In fact, less than 1 percent cause disease, and some bacteria that live in your body are actually good for you. For instance, Lactobacillus acidophilus â€” a harmless bacterium that resides in your intestines â€” helps you digest food, destroys some disease causing organisms and provides nutrients to your body. But when infectious bacteria enter your body, they can cause illness. They rapidly reproduce, and many produce toxins â€” powerful chemicals that
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MEDICAL DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY M. S
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PREFACE Almost all medical disorder
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Dedication This manuscript is dedic
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Uri. Elkayam MD Professor of Cardio
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Chapter No: 1 Anaemia in pregnancy:
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performance. Tiredness, listlessnes
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pregnancy and labour. The monthly b
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Fig 1.3: Shows developmental stages
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Prophylactic this includes routine
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granulocytes and thrombocyte is als
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or because the hemoglobin A is repl
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iron. Decrease in the number of gra
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Labor/delivery: Expedite for normal
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Risk factors: The risk of GDM incre
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to a large extent on the measure of
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vomiting, or through intercurrent i
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largely related to the problems of
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femoral epiphyses can help in asses
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in a randomized design the efficacy
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of the previous day’s dose of ins
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women with vascular disease are awa
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Chapter No 3 THYROID DISEASE IN PRE
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such as phenobarbitone 30 mg given
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REFERENCES: 1. Hawe, P. and Francis
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Incidence - Its incidence varies ac
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cerning the disturbance in the Reni
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Renal function: In normal pregnant
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severe pre eclampsia and eclampsia
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Epipastic pain: It is also a late s
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arely occurs. However, if pregnancy
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differentiating between chronic hyp
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fetuses. Recent studies indicate th
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to procrastinate all available meth
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cases are said to occur up to 1 wee
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has been carried out. There can be
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intensive care room for the next 48
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Severe pre eclampsia at or remote f
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Chapter No: 5 HEART DISEASE IN PREG
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pregnancy. The increase in volume i
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Fourth Heart sound - This is rarely
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Class III - With cardiac disease pr
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differentiate from hemodynamically
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dominant). Jervell + Lange Nielson
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striking of which is stippling seen
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increase venous pressure and burden
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determine whether she will be safe
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supplemental 02. Fetal surveillance
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11. Percutaneous transluminal angio
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ureter at the pelvic brim may play
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Fig6.3: Shows location of kidney in
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A clear cut history of streptococca
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(a) Polycystic renal disease - Fort
Page 106 and 107: with patients in this category. In
Page 108 and 109: 2. Beard, R.W.and Roberts, A.P. (19
Page 110 and 111: increases slightly. Arterial blood
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Page 114 and 115: CD4 + cell count (200/ml) should re
Page 116 and 117: embark upon a pregnancy. Severe air
Page 118 and 119: Chapter No: 8 LIVER DISEASE IN PREG
Page 120 and 121: owel, but conjugated bilirubin is n
Page 122 and 123: Hepatic causes - Viral hepatitis bo
Page 124 and 125: Immunoprophylaxis at birth followed
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Page 130 and 131: Chronic liver disease: An increased
Page 132 and 133: 22. Riely CA. Hepatic disease in pr
Page 134 and 135: ilirubin is transported across the
Page 136 and 137: when the titre is greater than 1: 3
Page 138 and 139: Induction of labour: When screening
Page 140 and 141: Blood brain barrier and bilirubin e
Page 142 and 143: place if the infant develops jaundi
Page 144 and 145: REFERENCES 1. UpToDate a. “Pathog
Page 146 and 147: of embolus formation is far less in
Page 148 and 149: Unfortunately this faculty is not a
Page 150 and 151: hours. The maximal effect takes 36
Page 152 and 153: may complain of constricting type o
Page 154 and 155: When the embolus is small and non f
Page 158 and 159: damage specific cells in the tissue
Page 160 and 161: is capable of breaking off and deve
Page 162 and 163: Chapter No: 12 PARASITIC INFECTIONS
Page 164 and 165: sporozoite stage. The main characte
Page 166 and 167: insect repellents and insecticide s
Page 168 and 169: is 2 tablets i.e. (400 mgs) thrice
Page 170 and 171: Cardiac failure resulting from seve
Page 172 and 173: dysmenorrhea, dysuria, and even obs
Page 174 and 175: Chapter No: 13 VIRAL DISEASES IN PR
Page 176 and 177: after exposure favors but does not
Page 178 and 179: Fig13.4: shows CMV infection rash o
Page 180 and 181: three quarters of HYH strains isola
Page 182 and 183: where 'T' stands for toxoplasmosis
Page 184 and 185: Chapter No: 14 Introduction: The dr
Page 186 and 187: hexacyanoferrate (II) 2H2O (Prussia
Page 188 and 189: Restricted indications: Anti lepros
Page 190 and 191: potential Teratogen and inhibits ma
Page 192 and 193: placental abruption, and intrauteri
Page 194 and 195: Inhalation of volatile organic comp
Page 196 and 197: Chapter No: 15 Pregnancy is a norma
Page 198 and 199: time periods during the pregnancy f
Page 200 and 201: y the maternal kidney in urine or b
Page 202 and 203: continues after the end of the uter
Page 204 and 205: Amniography - In this technique rad
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at the cranial end of the neural tu
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least maceration: placenta, lung, a
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fetal hydrops with monosomy X, or T
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cause progressive renal failure as
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9. Papageorgiou, E.A.; Karagrigorio
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position of the head. The student s
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centimeter ruler is placed alongsid
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echoes in B mode. The operator appl
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also affects depth resolution and t
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From twelve week onwards the bipari
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tract. Normal kidneys can easily be
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3.19, 1.29 and 1.30, respectively [
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iodinated contrast during pregnancy
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Only tiny amounts of iodinated or g
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intraperitoneal hemorrhage, or inju
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REFERENCE: 1. Stewart A, Webb J, Gi
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cardiac defects 181, 200 cardiac di
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gestational age 26, 31, 40, 165, 19
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monitoring, invasive 83-6 monosomy
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sensitization 124-5 sepsis 22, 95-6
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