Food Plants International

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<strong>Food</strong> Value: Per 100 g edible portion Edible part Moisture % Energy KJ Protein g Shoots 113 0.5 Insects: Borers in the shoots 204 Calcium mg Iron mg proVit A µg proVit C mg Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Bipolaris panici-miliacei (Nisik.)Shoem Rust Fungi Uredo palmifoliae Cummins And Uromyces setariae-italicae Yosh Tar spot Fungus Phyllachora minutissima (Welv.& Currey) Pests: Importance: An important vegetable in Highland areas of Papua New Guinea. It is used for food in China. A market bundle Zinc mg
205 Names English: Corn, Maize Scientific name: Zea mays L. Tok pisin: Kon Synonyms: Tok ples: Plant family: Poaceae Description: An annual plant 2-3 m high. It has a single stem. The stem is solid. It can be 2-3 cm across. Usually there are 14 internodes but this can vary from 8-21. It is a large grass family plant with prop roots near the base. Some forms produce tillers near the base. Seed roots feed the plant initially then casual side roots develop from the lowest node on the plant and continue supplying the plants nutrients. Roots can go sideways for 1 m or downwards for 2-3 m. It is a very variable plant and due to cross pollination variation continues and all forms hybridize. Leaves are produce one after another along opposite sides of the stem and there are between 8 and 21 leaves. The leaf sheath wrapsa round the stem but opens towards the top of the sheath. The leaf blade is 30-150 cm long and 5-15 cm wide. The leaf blade has a pronounced midrib and is often wavy along the edge. The female flower is called the ear. It is on a short stalk in the axils of one of the largest leaves about half way down the stem. In the axils of the leaves it produces a large cob wrapped in leaves. The kernels develop in an even number of rows carrying 4-30 grains along the length of the cob. Cobs commonly have 300-1,000 grains. Normally only one or two cobs develop per plant. The male flower or tassel is at the top. Distribution: Seeds need a soil temperature more than 10°C to germinate. It grows best at less than 1800 m altitude in the equatorial tropics. It is grown in most areas of Asia. <strong>Plants</strong> have been grown from sea level to 3,300 m in the Americas. It tends to be in areas too dry for rice but wetter than for millets. Maize must have over 120 days frost free. In Nepal it grows up to 3000 m altitude. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Cultivation: It is grown from seeds. It is normal to plant one seed per hole at 1-2 cm depth. A spacing of about 30 cm between plants is suitable. For saving seed, it should be from gardens of over 200 plants and the seed from several cobs mixed to avoid inbreeding depression. Production: In warm moist soil seeds geminate in 2-3 days after planting. Cobs are harvested when the grains are full and the tassel is just starting to turn brown. This is normally about 50 days after fertilization. It is sweetest eaten soon after harvesting. Drought and unfavourable weather can result in the silks of the female flowers emerging after the pollen has been shed. This results in poorly pollinated cobs. Use: The cobs are eaten cooked. The dried grains can be crushed and used. Pancake like Tortillas from corn have been a staple food in Central America. Maize is cooked and prepared in many different ways.
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Food plants of Papua New Guinea A c
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4 Dedication This book is dedicated
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Root and tuber crops and starchy st
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10 Insects: Achaea janata (Linnaeus
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12 Names English: Taro Scientific n
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14 Names English: Chinese taro Scie
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16 Names English: Swamp taro Scient
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18 Insects: Aspidiella sacchari (Co
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20 Use: The corm is cooked and eate
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22 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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Insects: Abgrallaspis cyanophylli (
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26 Names English: Lesser yam Scient
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28 Names English: Potato yam Scient
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30 Names English: Five leaflet yam
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32 Names English: White yam, White
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34 Food Value: Per 100 g edible por
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36 Henosepilachna haemorrhoea (Biel
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38 Names English: Yam bean Scientif
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40 Names English: Jerusalem articho
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42 Names English: Anu, Peruvian nas
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44 Names English: Banana, Plantain
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46 Names English: Sago Scientific n
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48 Names English: Solomon’s sago
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51 Names English: Peanut Scientific
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53 Names English: Winged bean Scien
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55 Spodoptera litura Fab. Noctuidae
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57 Names English: Yard long bean, S
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59 Names English: Cowpea Scientific
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61 Names English: Pigeon pea, Dhal
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63 Names English: Soybean Scientifi
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65 Names English: Lima bean Scienti
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67 Cassena intermedia Jac. Chrysome
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69 Lamprosema indica F. Pyralidae (
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71 Names English: Sword bean Scient
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73 Aulacophora similis Olivier Chry
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75 Names English: Rice bean Scienti
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77 Names English: Velvet bean Scien
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79 Names English: D'Albertis creepe
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81 Names English: Guar bean Scienti
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Green leafy vegetables or Kumus 84
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86 Insects: Cletus sp. Colobathrist
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88 Names English: Grain Amaranth, Q
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90 Names English: Spleen amaranth S
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92 Names English: Native Amaranth S
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94 Names English: Scientific name:
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96 Names English: Spinach Joint fir
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Names English: Water drop wort Scie
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100 Names English: Blackberried nig
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Page 104 and 105:
104 Names English: Highlands kapiak
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106 Names English: Dye fig Scientif
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Page 114 and 115:
114 Names English: Watercress Scien
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116 Names English: Waterleaf Scient
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118 Names English: Sweet leaf Scien
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120 Names English: Leucaena Scienti
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122 Names English: Hibiscus Scienti
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124 Names English: Wandering Jew Sc
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126 Names English: Indian coral tre
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Page 130 and 131:
130 Names English: Purslane, Pigwee
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132 Names English: Striped cucumber
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Edible ferns 134 English name Tok P
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136 Names English: Fern Scientific
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138 Names English: Tree fern Scient
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Page 144 and 145:
144 Names English: Climbing swamp f
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146 Names English: Giant Creek Fern
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148 Names English: Ladder fern Scie
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150 Names English: Hairy Sword Fern
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152 Names English: King fern, Giant
Page 154 and 155: 154 Names English: Bird’s Nest Fe
Page 156 and 157: 156 Names English: Adder’s Tongue
Page 158 and 159: 158 Names English: Parsley fern, Au
Page 160 and 161: 160 Names English: Swamp fern, Wate
Page 162 and 163: 162 Names English: Fern Scientific
Page 164 and 165: 164 Names English: Climbing maidenh
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Page 168 and 169: 168 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 170 and 171: 170 Insects: Agapophyta bipunctata
Page 172 and 173: 172 Names English: Betel nut Scient
Page 174 and 175: 174 Names English: Highland Betel n
Page 176 and 177: 176 Names English: Scientific name:
Page 178 and 179: 178 Names English: Pejibaye, Peach
Page 180 and 181: 180 Names English: Wine palm, Palmy
Page 182 and 183: 182 Names English: Papuan white rat
Page 184 and 185: 184 Names English: Corypha palm Sci
Page 186 and 187: 186 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 190 and 191: 190 Names English: Fan palm Scienti
Page 192 and 193: 192 Names English: Black Palm Scien
Page 194 and 195: 194 Names English: Solitaire palm,
Page 196 and 197: 196 Names English: Traveller's palm
Page 198 and 199: 198 Names English: Claudie River La
Page 200 and 201: Vegetables 200 English name Tok Pis
Page 202 and 203: 202 Parastasia guttulata Fairmaire
Page 206 and 207: 206 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
Page 208 and 209: 208 Names English: Snake gourd Scie
Page 212 and 213: 212 Insects: Amblypelta lutescens p
Page 214 and 215: 214 Names English: Pumpkin, Winter
Page 216 and 217: 216 Names English: Cucumber Scienti
Page 218 and 219: 218 Names English: Marrow, Pumpkin
Page 220 and 221: 220 Names English: Bottle gourd Sci
Page 222 and 223: 222 Names English: Smooth loofah Sc
Page 224 and 225: 224 Names English: Bitter cucumber
Page 226 and 227: 226 Names English: Spiny bitter cuc
Page 228 and 229: 228 Names English: Bok-choy Celery
Page 230 and 231: 230 Names English: Kohl rabi Scient
Page 232 and 233: 232 Names English: Broccoli Scienti
Page 234 and 235: 234 Names English: Chinese kale Sci
Page 236 and 237: 236 Names English: Bai cai, Petsai
Page 238 and 239: 238 Names English: Chinese radish S
Page 240 and 241: 240 Names English: Bulb onion Scien
Page 242 and 243: 242 Names English: Chives Scientifi
Page 244 and 245: 244 Names English: Leek Scientific
Page 246 and 247: 246 Names English: Celery Scientifi
Page 248 and 249: 248 Names English: Asparagus Scient
Page 250 and 251: 250 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Alte
Page 252 and 253: 252 Names English: Pea eggplant Sci
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254 And Thanatephorus cucumeris Bro
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256 Names English: Lettuce Scientif
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Minor and less common vegetables 25
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260 Names English: Parsley Scientif
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262 Names English: New Guinea Edibl
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264 Names English: Giant bamboo Sci
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266 Names English: Endive Scientifi
Page 268 and 269:
268 Names English: Common bamboo Sc
Page 270 and 271:
270 Names English: Buckwheat Scient
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272 Names English: Sunflower Scient
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Grains and cereals 274 English name
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276 Chilo suppressalis (Walker) Pyr
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278 Names English: Wild rice Scient
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280 Names English: Wheat Scientific
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282 Names English: Job’s tears Sc
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Waterlilies 284 English name Tok Pi
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286 Names English: Giant waterlily,
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288 Names English: Waterlily Scient
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290 Names English: Blue Water lily
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292 Nuts English name Tok Pisin Sci
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294 stored in sealed containers for
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302 Names English: Melville Island
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Page 308 and 309:
308 Names English: Breadfruit Scien
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310 Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner) C
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312 Production: Jackfruit is a fast
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314
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316 cooked and eaten and the two ha
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324 Names English: Java almond, Tro
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Page 332 and 333:
332 Names English: Macadamia nut Sc
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334 Names English: Polynesian chest
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336 Names English: Nypa palm Scient
Page 338 and 339:
338 Names English: Cape nutmeg Scie
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Page 342 and 343:
342 Names English: Queensland almon
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344 Names English: Arnhem Land quan
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346 Names English: Castanopsis ches
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348 Dysmicoccus nesophilus Williams
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Minor and introduced nuts 350 Engli
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The apple is used to make alcoholic
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354 Names English: Fragrant screwpi
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356 Names English: Pecan Scientific
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358 Names English: Walnut Scientifi
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360 Names English: Pistachio nut Sc
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362 Names English: Java olive Scien
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366
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368 Fruit and other often sweet foo
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370 Leaf eating insects Anomala com
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372 Food Value: Per 100 g edible po
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374 Names English: Pineapple Scient
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Page 378 and 379:
378 Diseases: Leaf spot Fungus Cerc
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Food Value: Per 100 g edible portio
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Page 386 and 387:
386 Names English: Cherimoya Scient
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388 Names English: Atemoya, Custard
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390 Graphium agamemnon L. Papilioni
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392 Names English: Sweetsop Scienti
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394 Names English: Pacific lychee S
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396 Ceroplastes destructor Newstead
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Page 400 and 401:
400 Names English: Golden apple, Sc
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Page 406 and 407:
West Indian lime Citrus aurantifoli
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408 Names English: Lime, West India
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410 Names English: Orange, Sweet or
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412 Names English: Citron Scientifi
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414 Names English: Wild lime Scient
Page 416 and 417:
416 Names English: Clymenia Scienti
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Page 420 and 421:
420 Names English: Tree tomato, Tam
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422 Names English: Naranjilla Scien
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424 Names English: Surinam cherry S
Page 426 and 427:
426 Names English: Watery rose appl
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428 Names English: Java apple Scien
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430 Names English: Pink satinash Sc
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432 Fruit (Continued) English name
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434 Names English: White apple Scie
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436 Names English: Lady apple, Red
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438 Names English: Governor’s plu
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440 Names English: Coffee plum Scie
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442 Names English: Red raspberry Sc
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444 Names English: Molucca bramble
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446 Names English: Rose-leaf brambl
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448 Names English: Alpine strawberr
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450 Names English: Purple passionfr
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452 Names English: Banana passionfr
Page 454 and 455:
454 Names English: Sweet granadilla
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456 Names English: Granadilla Scien
Page 458 and 459:
458 Names English: Toothed-leaved w
Page 460 and 461:
460 Names English: Canistel, Yellow
Page 462 and 463:
462 Names English: Peach Scientific
Page 464 and 465:
464 Names English: Durian Scientifi
Page 466 and 467:
466 Names English: Mangosteen Scien
Page 468 and 469:
468 Names English: Warren’s mango
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Page 472 and 473:
472 Names English: Loquat Scientifi
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474 Production: Seeds germinate aft
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476 Names English: Horse mango Scie
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Page 480 and 481:
480 Names English: European grape S
Page 482 and 483:
482 Names English: Salak, Snake fru
Page 484 and 485:
484 Names English: Santol Scientifi
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486 Names English: Rambutan Scienti
Page 488 and 489:
488 Names English: Panama berry Sci
Page 490 and 491:
490 Names English: Mulberry Scienti
Page 492 and 493:
492 Names English: Indian mulberry
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494 Names English: Garraway lime Sc
Page 496 and 497:
496 Names English: Fei banana Scien
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498 Names English: Sapodilla Scient
Page 500 and 501:
500 Names English: Litchi, Lychee S
Page 502 and 503:
502 Names English: Langsat Scientif
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504 Names English: Garuga Scientifi
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506 Names English: Fig Scientific n
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508 Names English: Velvet apple Sci
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510 Names English: Longan Scientifi
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512 Names English: Red beach, Golde
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514 Names English: Black currant tr
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516 Names English: Chinese laurel S
Page 518 and 519:
518 Names English: Broad leafed lil
Page 520 and 521:
520 Names English: Pineapple guava,
Page 522 and 523:
522 English name Tok Pisin Scientif
Page 524 and 525:
524 Names English: Oregano Scientif
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526 Names English: Spearmint Scient
Page 528 and 529:
528 Names English: Dill Scientific
Page 530 and 531:
530 Names English: Chilli, Bird's e
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532 Names English: Perilla Scientif
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534 Names English: Native cardamon
Page 536 and 537:
536 Names English: Coriander Scient
Page 538 and 539:
538 Names English: Lemon balm Scien
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540 Names English: Queensland Nutme
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542 Names English: Tamarind Scienti
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544 Names English: Betel pepper Sci
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546 Names English: Thyme Scientific
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548 Names English: Ginger Scientifi
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550 Names English: Wild ginger Scie
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552 Scientific name Page Asplenium
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554 Scientific name Page Deeringia
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556 Scientific name Page Manihot es
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558 Scientific name Page Psidium gu
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560 English name Page Adder’s ton
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562 European chestnut 353 European
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564 Oca 41 Oil palm 185 Okra 247 Ol
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566 Sweetsop 392 Sword bean 71 Tama
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Pao 307 Pao 305 Paragum 17 Peteta 3
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