View/Open - UZSpace Home

More documents

Recommendations

Info

therapistswould not ignorethe social context in which a "symbolic experience" has taken place, they are ofthe opinionthat the humancapacity to transcend puts the im portant role ofthe social context aside. Frankl's well known saying, quoted from the philosopher Nietsche, "He who has a way to live can bear with almost any how", would be a typical answer to this type ofcriticism. From a humanistic personologistpoint ofview, the Rogerians emphasisethat the the rapist mustnot tell the client/patient what to do, he/she must not interpret their ac tions and must not offer solutionsto the patient'slclient's problems (Kendall & Ham men 1995:72). These are all matters that are in praxis neglected in the logothera peutic setting. In the symbolicgrowth experience the therapist very often "inter prets" the past symbolic experiences ofthe client/patientin order to show the "mean- ...... ing" ofthe past experience. This more "directive" approach in the logotherapeutic symbolic growthexperience, is exchanged, in person-centered therapy, for a nondi rective and nonjudgmental approach. The Maslowian emphasis on detachment, as a characteristic ofself-actualizing per sons, where people rely on their own inner resources (Hjelle & Ziegler 1992:475 & Ras 1998:85), is not emphasized enough in the symbolic growth experience. The im portant role ofa patient'slclient's inner resources, in order to cope/to survive/to ac tualize, is only weakly reflected in the reliance on the symbolic "experience" itself Whathumanists like Maslow probably would say, is that there is "more" inside a per son, on which he/she can rely in order to find meaning in life, than just one specific "symbolic" experience which must motivate himlherto get into "action" again. The Rogerian approach (person-centeredtherapy) is more "peripheral", in the sense that the therapist is not as much in the center ofthe therapeutic setting as in logotherapy. 80
Unlike logotherapy, the client/patient must discoverfor bimselfrherself, in person centeredtherapy, what is the real problemand how to get healed. "Genuineness", "accurateempathy"and "unconditional positiveregard", that are key concepts in Rogeriancircles,are very oftenlackingor playaminorrole in the logotherapeutic settings (Rogers 1951, 1961; Kendall & Hammen 1995:72). Behaviorists wouldpoint out that logotherapists, in applyingthe symbolic growth experience technique, are not payingcareful enoughattentionto what clients/pa tients are sayingto themselves. The importantrole oftheir (the patient's/client's) own cognition, and not the facilitating cognitionofthe therapist, is often neglected. The idea that one getswhen studying how logotherapists implement the symbolic growthexperience is that they (the therapists)are very oftenthe persons who directly point out to the patients/clients what is the "meaning" in the past "symbolic experiences." 2.1.9 Logotherapeutic Dream IntemretationlAnalysis Logotherapeutic dream analysis can be regarded as the royal road to the spiritualun conscious (Fabry 1989:70-78). Accordingto Guttmann (1996:150) this technique, in addition to the symbolic growth experienceand the Socratic dialogue, brings to the fore the unconscious experiencesof the patient/client which are rich in meaningpo tential. Logotherapy uses the Socratic dialogue to help patients/clients get into contact with their spiritual unconscious. When a person's will to meaninghas beenrepressed causingan existential vacuum, it again must be made conscious in order to make life meaningful. This is the onlyway a life worthy oflivingcan come into existence. 81
Page 1 and 2:
AN EVALUATION OF THE LOGOTHERAPEUTI
Page 3 and 4:
SUMMARY This study is an evaluation
Page 5:
TABLEOF CONTENTS CHAPTERONE METIIOD
Page 10 and 11:
2. The problem and reason for this
Page 13:
A meaningful evaluation of the diff
Page 17 and 18:
(Frankl 1970:103). The generaluse o
Page 20 and 21:
Mental health is based on a certain
Page 22 and 23:
6.11 Collective neurosis ForFmnkl t
Page 24:
6.17 The tragic triad Thisis a term
Page 28:
complishment ofwhat the patient des
Page 31 and 32: eplacingit with a healthyattitude t
Page 33: something about hislher situation.
Page 37: ("'meta-motivation") will lead to a
Page 40 and 41: the essence is to substitute someth
Page 42 and 43: meone's spiritis tied down with a r
Page 44 and 45: negative symptoms and then move to
Page 46 and 47: It becomes clearthat the real probl
Page 49 and 50: Sadness, however, can be turned aro
Page 51 and 52: Takashima (1990) said that in diagn
Page 53 and 54: this knowledge. Widow's, for exampl
Page 55 and 56: It is clear that this logotherapeut
Page 57 and 58: The confrontational and too direct
Page 59 and 60: human beings can and mustexert in o
Page 61 and 62: 2.1.5 The Appealing technique This
Page 63 and 64: nobody supportedbimlherin hislher s
Page 65 and 66: conceptsused and how these terms ar
Page 68: technique is based on questions ask
Page 71: Lantz (1987) relies on the Socratic
Page 74 and 75: written on these charts. Patientsar
Page 76: fee1ingslsymptomslproblems as they
Page 82: Fabry (1989:70-78) is ofthe opinion
Page 87 and 88: 10 to 15minutes. The administration
Page 89 and 90: answerthese questions. Thismay crea
Page 91: Just like the PIL-test, the emphasi
Page 94: questions ratherwant to capturethe
Page 98: naire is easierto understand and to
Page 101 and 102: 3.5 TheMinnesota Multiphasic Person
Page 104 and 105: In terms ofKelly's "constructivealt
Page 106 and 107: cumstances (environmental factors/i
Page 108 and 109: This test is rather one-sided becau
Page 110 and 111: It is especiallyfor those without a
Page 112: principles were buildt into existen
Page 115 and 116: peutic thought (body, mind, and spi
Page 117 and 118: usedby them at times may plungepati
Page 119 and 120: Logotherapy can be used when you wo
Page 121 and 122: schedule, difficult workconditions,
Page 123 and 124: Frankl (1975:15) once wrote that if
Page 125 and 126: gotherapeutic distinction ofbody, s
Page 127 and 128: Electronically-speaking the world i
Page 129 and 130: Bulka, R P 1989. Jewish humor-a log
Page 131 and 132:
Frankl, V E 1965. The Doctor andthe
Page 134 and 135:
national Forum for Logotherapy: Jou
Page 137 and 138:
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan P
Page 139:
Positive Affectivity. The Journal o
show all

View/Open - UZSpace Home

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?