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fee1ingslsymptomslproblems as they occur in the here and now, has an important
phenomenological accent.
However, somecommunity psychologists, who believesthat an individual's pro­
blemscan onlybe solvedifchanges in both environmental settingsand individual
competencies are addressed (Rappaport 1911:2),would point out that these charts do
not seriously enoughtaken into accountenvironmental aspects (see Nietzel, Bern­
stein & Milich 1994:244-251).
Whiletraditional psychoanalysts like SigmundFreud (1943) would criticizethe neg­
lect ofthe past historyofthe patient/client, especiallypsychosexual conflicts that
have led to the present distressing behavior(1943), analytical psychologists (like Carl
,lung-1936/1969)
would point out that the dynamic and evolving processes that con-
tinuethroughout a person's life are not actuallyreflected on the logocharts.
Froma psychodynamic point ofview, an analytical psychologist like lung (Hjelle &
Ziegler 1992:169), because ofhis beliefthathuman beings are motivatedby intra­
psyhic forces and images which are derived fromtheir shared evolutionary history,
wouldar-guethat logotherapists do not take these beliefs into account seriously
enoughwhenthey distinguish between the different "selfs" ofespeciallya depressed
person. Logotherapists like Kbatami (1988), especiallywould be criticized.
2.1.8 The Symbolic GrowthExperience
This experience is used normallyas part ofthe Socratic dialogue. Frankl made a
distinction between creative, experiential and attitudinalvalues. Receptivitytoward
the world, like surrenderto the beauties ofnature or art is an experiential source of
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