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to tum formerly negative attitudes into positivebehavior. The therapistshouldbe ableto distinguish betweenclientattitudes that can be altered and those that are ra ther fixedandto whichthe former must adapt. Changesintroduced must be compa tiblewith client values,beliefs, felt needs and the social environment ofother people or "significant others" who must be considered. Becausetiming, ability and readiness to accept change are criticalelements in the change effortof both clientand therapist, the logotherapist uses techniques as secon dary to the uniqueness ofthe clientand fits them accordingto client needs, usingin the process whatevertheory,tools and technique thatbest helps himlherto attain the therapeutic goal. He/sheis guidedby the recognition that people have the capacityto change, despite theirpast or presentbehavior. They can choosenew values, lifestyles and can act to attain them. Beliefin the client and his sincereeffort to change is therapeutic. By affirming one's sense ofself-worth, the road is open for the change soughtafter (Guttmann 1996:135). 2.1.6 The Socratic dialogue This dialogue is regarded as logotherapy's maintool in helping seekers search for meaning. Waysthat are used in this communicative dialogue in order to find mean ing include self-introspection, self-discovery, choice, uniqueness, responsibility, ac countability and self-transcendence. Whatis importantin this communication set ting is the exchange ofverbal and non-verbal information between the logotherapist and the patient/client. The question may arise as to what is the difference between everydaycommunication and effective psychotherapeutic discourse? For many the difference lies in the 64
conceptsused and how these terms are differently interpreted by the client/patient and the practitioner. In the therapeutic discourse, the therapist's emphasisis inter alia on understanding what lies behindthe words used by the client/patient. It also has to do with the wholeinterpretative-process that reveals the real symptoms/pro blemsof the patient/client. Because language is the '
Page 1 and 2:
AN EVALUATION OF THE LOGOTHERAPEUTI
Page 3 and 4:
SUMMARY This study is an evaluation
Page 5:
TABLEOF CONTENTS CHAPTERONE METIIOD
Page 10 and 11:
2. The problem and reason for this
Page 13: A meaningful evaluation of the diff
Page 17 and 18: (Frankl 1970:103). The generaluse o
Page 20 and 21: Mental health is based on a certain
Page 22 and 23: 6.11 Collective neurosis ForFmnkl t
Page 24: 6.17 The tragic triad Thisis a term
Page 28: complishment ofwhat the patient des
Page 31 and 32: eplacingit with a healthyattitude t
Page 33: something about hislher situation.
Page 37: ("'meta-motivation") will lead to a
Page 40 and 41: the essence is to substitute someth
Page 42 and 43: meone's spiritis tied down with a r
Page 44 and 45: negative symptoms and then move to
Page 46 and 47: It becomes clearthat the real probl
Page 49 and 50: Sadness, however, can be turned aro
Page 51 and 52: Takashima (1990) said that in diagn
Page 53 and 54: this knowledge. Widow's, for exampl
Page 55 and 56: It is clear that this logotherapeut
Page 57 and 58: The confrontational and too direct
Page 59 and 60: human beings can and mustexert in o
Page 61 and 62: 2.1.5 The Appealing technique This
Page 63: nobody supportedbimlherin hislher s
Page 68: technique is based on questions ask
Page 71: Lantz (1987) relies on the Socratic
Page 74 and 75: written on these charts. Patientsar
Page 76: fee1ingslsymptomslproblems as they
Page 80 and 81: therapistswould not ignorethe socia
Page 82: Fabry (1989:70-78) is ofthe opinion
Page 87 and 88: 10 to 15minutes. The administration
Page 89 and 90: answerthese questions. Thismay crea
Page 91: Just like the PIL-test, the emphasi
Page 94: questions ratherwant to capturethe
Page 98: naire is easierto understand and to
Page 101 and 102: 3.5 TheMinnesota Multiphasic Person
Page 104 and 105: In terms ofKelly's "constructivealt
Page 106 and 107: cumstances (environmental factors/i
Page 108 and 109: This test is rather one-sided becau
Page 110 and 111: It is especiallyfor those without a
Page 112: principles were buildt into existen
Page 115 and 116:
peutic thought (body, mind, and spi
Page 117 and 118:
usedby them at times may plungepati
Page 119 and 120:
Logotherapy can be used when you wo
Page 121 and 122:
schedule, difficult workconditions,
Page 123 and 124:
Frankl (1975:15) once wrote that if
Page 125 and 126:
gotherapeutic distinction ofbody, s
Page 127 and 128:
Electronically-speaking the world i
Page 129 and 130:
Bulka, R P 1989. Jewish humor-a log
Page 131 and 132:
Frankl, V E 1965. The Doctor andthe
Page 134 and 135:
national Forum for Logotherapy: Jou
Page 137 and 138:
Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan P
Page 139:
Positive Affectivity. The Journal o
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