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1980:366-374). Logotherapists, on the other hand, will also target negative symptoms in implementing modification ofattitudes. In fact, they will start with the negativesymptoms and then proceed to the causes for these symptoms. Then, after identifying the causes, they will redirect the "thought-processes"ofthe client/patient away fromthese problematic symptoms to somethingpositive/meaningful. However, this redirection only occurs after the client/patientbas made a choice to change. Insight-oriented therapies like traditionalpsychoanalysisand contemporarypsycho dynamic therapies lack the more direct and even confrontational approach that is present in logotherapeutic circles when modification ofattitudes are implemented. Both branches of this therapy focus on searching for underlyingcauses of maladap tion and seek insightas a path to improveadjustment (Kendall & Hammen 1995: 67). This emphasis on the past, in order to discover the reasons for the present state ofaffairs, is lackingin logotherapy. What is really ofmore importance for logothe rapists, is your attitudein this situation. The emphaseson early childhood developmentalstages (developmental psycholo gists), the bonds between the present and the past (psychoanalysts), and even past conditioning experiences(behaviorists)that are cmciaI in understandingthe present state ofaffairs in a person's/client's life (Hjelle & Ziegler 1992:252), are not opera ting stronglyin this logotherapeutic technique. Although it is up to the individuallogotherapist to ask questions about the past of their client's!patient's or not, this type ofmodus operandi is not regarded as neces sary to changethe patient's!client's attitude(s). The outstandingthing is that it is the client/patientwho must decide in a given situationwhat his/her attitudelbehavior will be. No past and/or environmental matter is bigger than the transcendental power that 58
human beings can and mustexert in order to bringabout changein attitude and/or behavior andIor lifestyle. 2.1.4 The Logoanchor technique Logoanchor, also calledlogohook, refers to an experience eitherfromthe past, or an anticipated one from the future, that is rich in meaning, which can be used as an an chor or hook in a currentsituation(Westermann 1993). The imageofthe anchoris actually saying what this technique wants to achieve. Itwants to providean anchorto those that are drifting away on life's ocean. Multisensory imagery is used in bringing forth, frommemory, those experiences that "oncefilled a personwithwonder. This logotherapeutic technique guidesclients/pa- tients in the searchfor anchoring experiences in their own lives, when they are in touchwith theirhighestmoments, with their intuitive knowing, insight, creativity, and othertraits oftheirnoetic (cognitive) dimension. In one example, where a patient (Lisa)lost all her family and love ones. the therapist lookedfor times in her life when she felt' protected and cared for. She (the therapist) then used thesemoments as logoanchors for Lisa by dereflecting her from her grief, to change her attitude to life, and to enableher to use meanings in her past as building blocksfor the future (see Westermann 1993:29-30 & Guttmann 1996:130). According to Guttman (1996:129) this Iogothernpeutic technique is used to bridge gaps in communication betweenpartners,to findmotivation for livingand to com fort the frightened, the lonely, and the anxious. The direct purpose or aim is to make this technique available spiritually in times ofneed. It makes people aware ofthose 59
- Page 10 and 11: 2. The problem and reason for this
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- Page 17 and 18: (Frankl 1970:103). The generaluse o
- Page 20 and 21: Mental health is based on a certain
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human beings can and mustexert in order to bringabout changein attitude and/or<br />
behavior andIor lifestyle.<br />
2.1.4 The Logoanchor technique<br />
Logoanchor, also calledlogohook, refers to an experience eitherfromthe past, or an<br />
anticipated one from the future, that is rich in meaning, which can be used as an an<br />
chor or hook in a currentsituation(Westermann 1993). The imageofthe anchoris<br />
actually saying what this technique wants to achieve. Itwants to providean<br />
anchorto those that are drifting away on life's ocean.<br />
Multisensory imagery is used in bringing forth, frommemory, those experiences that<br />
"oncefilled<br />
a personwithwonder. This logotherapeutic technique guidesclients/pa-<br />
tients in the searchfor anchoring experiences in their own lives, when they are in<br />
touchwith theirhighestmoments, with their intuitive knowing, insight, creativity,<br />
and othertraits oftheirnoetic (cognitive) dimension.<br />
In one example, where a patient (Lisa)lost all her family and love ones. the therapist<br />
lookedfor times in her life when she felt' protected and cared for. She (the therapist)<br />
then used thesemoments as logoanchors for Lisa by dereflecting her from her grief,<br />
to change her attitude to life, and to enableher to use meanings in her past as building<br />
blocksfor the future (see Westermann 1993:29-30 & Guttmann 1996:130).<br />
According to Guttman (1996:129) this Iogothernpeutic technique is used to bridge<br />
gaps in communication betweenpartners,to findmotivation for livingand to com<br />
fort the frightened, the lonely, and the anxious. The direct purpose or aim is to make<br />
this technique available spiritually in times ofneed. It makes people aware ofthose<br />
59
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