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Emotional reeducation is probablythe closest assessment technique in psychodyna­
micsthat shares a few insights with dereflection and that does not stand in sharp con­
trast with this technique. However,it seemsthat the way in which each and every
individual psychodynamic therapistis using emotional reeducation will determine if
it has something in common with dereflection.
It seemsthat the primary motivein both techniques, to direct newly discoveredintel­
lectualinsights into everyday living, forms a common ground for both techniques.
However, in emotional reeducation the client/patient first needs to acquirethe in­
sight(s) beforehe/she can move forward, whilein dereflection the patient/client must
just choose,for example, to change,and then, evenifthere is no insight, he/she is
directedto something positive. Although some would differon thispoint, it seems
as ifthis is the general way it happens in practice (Hjelle & Ziegler 1992:124).
2.1.3 Modification of Attitudes
This ratherunknown logotherapeutic technique, for those that are movingoutsidethe
Franklian circles,is used in the area ofattitudinal changetoward selfand others.
Guttmann (1996:121) is ofthe opinion that this techniqueis perhaps regarded as the
most important logotherapeutic one for finding meaning in life. Itis aimed toward
relieving the distress or despair ofthe clients, widening and strenghtening their
meaning orientation, helping them discover new potentials, and guiding them to
becomemoremature and responsible adults in their social environment.
According to Guttmann, Lukas, a well-known logotherapist, dividespeople who
come for psychotherapeutic help into two groups,namely, those in doubt and those in
despair. The peoplein doubt are those who are still searchingfor meaningin their
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