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schedule, difficult workconditions, job dissatisfaction, job change, and/ordiscord
withbossor co-workers. Withregard to housing problems, matters that logothera­
pists can addressare homelessness, inadequate housing, unsafeneighborhood and/or
discord withneighbors or landlord.
DSM-IV mentions otherproblems listed on AxisIV that may lead to mental disor­
ders. A mental disorderis defined as a clinically significant behavioral or psycho­
logical syndrome/pattern that occursin an individual and that is associatedwith
presentdistress, or disability, or witha significantly increasedrisk ofsuffering death,
pain, disability, or an important loss offreedom. These problems include: economic
problems like extreme poverty, inadequate finances and insufficient welfare support.
Problems with accessto healthcare servicesinclude: inadequate health care services,
transportation to health care facilities unavailable and inadequate health'jnsurance.
Otherproblems that are listed include problems related to interaction with the legal
system/crime, for example: arrest, incarceration, litigation, and/orvictims ofcrime.
The last problem that is mentioned on this axis includes exposureto disasters, war,
otherhostilities, discord with non-family caregivers such as counselor, social worker,
or physician, and/or the unavailability ofsocialserviceagencies (DSM-IV 1995:29­
30).
Becauselogotherapy, with all its different therapeutic aids, is primarily focused on
meaning-orientation, these psychosocial and environmental problems, as mentioned
in DSM-IV, are not reallyseen as problems but as challenges. In a discussion deal­
ing with cognitive-behavioral interventions with youngoffenders, Hollin(1990:152)
recommends training and motivation ofany stafi7family involved in these type of
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