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Logotherapy can be used when you work with prisoners (Eisenberg 1989:89-94,
Whiddon 1983:34-39, Wood 1982:53-56) in individual and/or group treatment.
Whiddon's method in working with a group ofprisoners cousisted offive phases:
(i) psycho-educational training in the principles oflogotherapy, (ii) expansion ofself­
awareness, (iii) restructuring ofself-esteem, (iv) dereflection toward values and their
societal implications, and (v) development ofpersonal meaning and goals for the
future (Whiddon 1983:in toto). These phases were succesfully applied and resulted
in preventing criminals, who partook in the training, to fall back to crime..
Similarities have been found between prisoner groups receiving logotherapeutic
group treatment in Israel (Eisenberg 1990) and in the United States (Whiddon 1983;
Wood 1982) in terms ofmethods employed and results obtained. In another study,
'-
Lieban-Kalmar (1984:261-268) has successfully integrated logotherapy in her work
with the disabled. By applying logotherapeutic techniques and methods students are
able to sort out short- and long-range goals, purposes in their lives and gain a positive
attitude to life. This, in turn, helps them to develop further and take responsibility for
their actions. She has tried to teach the disabled to help themselves.
Logotherapy is also helpful to the social worker who works with addicts, especially
alcoholics. Crumbaugh (1981:29-34 & 1983:47-49) has pioneered a method based
on logotherapeutic principles ofassisting problem drinkers. He created six video­
types to teach clients to understand motivation, to choose a suitable lifestyle, to build
self-confidence, to stimulate creative thinking, to establish interpersonal relation­
ships and to form a commitment to therapy.
Axis IV in DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofMental Disorders - 1995)
deals with psychosocial and environmental problems. This manual., that guides
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