Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) - Biosecurity New Zealand

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The picture on the front cover is of the foliage of a small (2 metre) Wollemia nobilis tree growing in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, London, England. The picture was taken by the author, Dr Mike Ormsby in July 2006. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided in this document is true and accurate at the time of publication. A number of factors may affect the accuracy or completeness of this information. These factors include changes in hazard organism status, scientific information, and material continually being reviewed by MAF Biosecurity New Zealand or otherwise provided that is relevant to the final import risk analysis. This publication should be referenced as follows: Ormsby, M. D. (2008). Import Risk Analysis: Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi pine) Araucariaceae Nursery Stock from Australia. New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. 193pp iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following people provided significant input into the development of this risk analysis: 1. Project Leader and Primary Author Dr Mike Ormsby Senior Adviser, Plants Risk Analysis 2. Secondary Contributors Dr José Derraik Adviser, Human Health Risk Analysis Deb Anthony Adviser, Plants Risk Analysis Melanie Newfield Senior Adviser, Plants Risk Analysis 3. External Scientific Review Dr Peter Buchanan Team Leader, Biosystematics v Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Biosecurity New Zealand, Wellington Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd Dr Ian Harvey Plant Pathologist PLANTwise Services Ltd John Bain Forest Entomologist ENSIS Forest Biosecurity & Protection Many others for MAF and other agencies assisted in advice and support and their contributions are gratefully appreciated.
Page 1 and 2: Import Risk Analysis: Wollemia nobi
Page 3: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
Page 7 and 8: 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Synopsis T
Page 9 and 10: 1.4 Recommended Measures Based on t
Page 11 and 12: 1.4.2 Plant Inspection Requirements
Page 13 and 14: Plant Management Requirements • T
Page 15 and 16: 1.4.6 Expected Performance of Measu
Page 17 and 18: Figure 2.1: A summary of the Biosec
Page 19 and 20: determine the level of likely risk.
Page 21 and 22: 2.2.3.4 Risk Estimations The aim of
Page 23 and 24: 2.2.5 Assessment of Residual Risk R
Page 25 and 26: Photo of Wollemia nobilis foliage i
Page 27 and 28: There are about 20 species in the g
Page 29 and 30: visual inspection. Any of the requi
Page 31 and 32: to group allocations are provided i
Page 33 and 34: o As a group, endophytic or saproph
Page 35 and 36: 3.5.2 Assessment of Risk of Exposur
Page 37 and 38: Figure 3.4: Overview of the potenti
Page 39 and 40: 3.7 References Bullock, S; Summerel
Page 41 and 42: citrus planting material and fruit
Page 43 and 44: clumps over the face of the fruit.
Page 45 and 46: Potential for spread Surface feedin
Page 47 and 48: c) Treating all imported Wollemia n
Page 49 and 50: While this methyl bromide treatment
Page 51 and 52: sufficient protection from surface
Page 53 and 54: The objective for the pesticide tre
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Coptotermes: Termite Coptotermes ar
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found in plant material from small
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New Zealand economy will only becom
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o transmitted to a host plant in th
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Additional measures Inspections sho
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considered adequate to ensure air-b
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6. FOLIAGE DISEASES 6.1 Hazard Iden
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turn yellowish brown or grey at the
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the New Zealand economy will only b
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6.3 Risk Management 6.3.1 Risk Eval
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• To reduce the likelihood of exp
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ack under quarantine conditions (fo
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Ji SQ, Fan BH, 1988. A study of cot
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Life cycle The main inoculum source
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7.2 Risk Assessment 7.2.1 Entry Ass
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The likelihood that a root disease-
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management practices provided in 3.
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To manage the potential risks assoc
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8. WOOD DECAY FUNGI 8.1 Hazard Iden
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Epidemiology P. noxius attacks a wi
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8.3.2 Option Evaluation 8.3.2.1 Ris
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Storozhenko VG, 2003. Rot incidence
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10. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI 10.1 Hazard I
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diversity of Glomalean fungi occurs
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o Acting as a parasite (pathogen) o
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still infected with the fungus, and
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through excessive handling of root
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Cowan, P E (1989) A vesicular-arbus
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or fruits. The majority of the asco
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It is possible that a serious infec
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plants and rootless cuttings import
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Pre-export Requirements The princip
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11.4 Assessment of Residual Risk 11
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12. PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI 12.1 Haz
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overseas showed modest variation, s
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content were considered important f
Page 127 and 128:
12.3.2 Option Evaluation 12.3.2.1 R
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apparent on infected plants that ar
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Zentmyer, G A (1983) The world of P
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HEPA filter A ‘high-efficiency pa
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Unwanted organism (Biosecurity Act
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Scientific name Common name Hazard
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Ridley, G S; Bain, J; Bulman L S; D
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a) Access Access to propagation and
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3.6.1.4 DISEASE, PEST AND WEED CONT
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APPENDIX 3: ANALYSIS OF CLEARANCE R
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ate of Caenorhabditis elegans from
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eadily removed, may result in reshi
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App 3.2.3 Recommendations for measu
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Reference Treatment Schedules and C
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Table App 3.3: A selection of USDA
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Active ingredient Chemical group Di
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(Yue et al. 2003). All exposed stag
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First and 2 nd instars of the preda
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Table App 3.5: Derived efficacies f
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• the lack of efficacy data under
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App 3.3.11 Analysis of measure effi
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o Nursery stock should be treated a
Page 171 and 172:
Active ingredient (Chemical Group)
Page 173 and 174:
Matheron et al. (2000) assessed in
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App 3.4.2.6 Pencycuron Pencycuron i
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Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Herron, G; Jiang, L; Spooner Hart,
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littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Page 185 and 186:
APPENDIX 4: ANALYSIS OF PEQ REQUIRE
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App 4.2.1.3 Treatments applied to p
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
o as standard requirements for all
Page 193 and 194:
The limitations of the specificatio
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NPPRL to test for the presence of f
Page 197 and 198:
o the minimum quarantine period be
Page 199:
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Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) - Biosecurity New Zealand

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