Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) - Biosecurity New Zealand

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Matheron, M E; Porchas, M (2000) Impact of azoxystrobin, dimethomorph, fluazinam, fosetyl-Al, and metalaxyl on growth, sporulation, and zoospore cyst germination of three Phytophthora spp. Plant Disease 84(4): 454-458. Melton, T A; Barker, K R; Koenning, S R; Powell, N T (1995) Temporal efficacy of selected nematicides on Meloidogyne species on tobacco. Journal of Nematology 27(3): 263-272. Metzger, M E; Rust, M K (2002) Laboratory evaluation of fipronil and imidacloprid topical insecticides for control of the plague vector Oropsylla montana (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) on california ground squirrels (Rodentia: Sciuridae). Journal of medical entomology 39(1): 152-161. Nagarkatti, S; Tobin, P C; Muza, A J; Saunders, M C (2002) Carbaryl resistance in populations of grape berry moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in New York and Pennsylvania. Journal of economic entomology 95(5): 1027-1032. Naruzawa, E S; Celoto, M I B; Papa, M F S; Tomquelski, G V; Boliani, A C (2006) Epidemiological studies and chemical control of Phakopsora euvitis. Fitopatologia Brasileira 31(1): 41-45. Nauen, R; Stumpf, N; Elbert, A; Zebitz, C P; Kraus, W (2001) Acaricide toxicity and resistance in larvae of different strains of Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae). Pest management science 57(3): 253-261. O'Neill, T M; Hanks, G R; Wilson, D W (2004) Control of smoulder (Botrytis narcissicola) in narcissus with fungicides. Annals of Applied Biology 145(1): 129-137. O'Neill, T M; Pye, D; Locke, T (2002) The effect of fungicides, irrigation and plant density on the development of Peronospora sparsa, the cause of downy mildew in rose and blackberry. Annals of Applied Biology 140(2): 207-214. Opperman, C H; Chang, S (1991) Effects of aldicarb and fenamiphos on acetylcholinesterase and motility of Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Nematology 23(1): 20-27. Paredes, B S G; Romero Munoz, F (2002) Effect of different fungicides in the control of Colletotrichum acutatum, causal agent of anthracnose crown rot in strawberry plants. Crop Protection 21(1): 11-15. Perez, L; Hernandez, A; Hernandez, L; Perez, M (2002) Effect of trifloxystrobin and azoxystrobin on the control of black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) on banana and plantain. Crop Protection 21(1): 17-23. Perez, M; Rebullido, R; Perez, L (2004) Baseline of sensibility of Cuban Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet populations to azoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin fungicides. Fitosanidad 8(3): 41-47. Pineda, S; Budia, F; Schneider, M I; Gobbi, A; Vinuela, E; Valle, J; Del Estal, P (2004) Effects of two biorational insecticides, spinosad and methoxyfenozide, on Spodoptera Page 176 of 193 14 March 2008 Import Risk Analysis: Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) Araucariaceae Nursery Stock from Australia
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Page 1 and 2:
Import Risk Analysis: Wollemia nobi
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Ministry of Agriculture and Forestr
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following peop
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Synopsis T
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1.4 Recommended Measures Based on t
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1.4.2 Plant Inspection Requirements
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Plant Management Requirements • T
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1.4.6 Expected Performance of Measu
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Figure 2.1: A summary of the Biosec
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determine the level of likely risk.
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2.2.3.4 Risk Estimations The aim of
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2.2.5 Assessment of Residual Risk R
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Photo of Wollemia nobilis foliage i
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There are about 20 species in the g
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visual inspection. Any of the requi
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to group allocations are provided i
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o As a group, endophytic or saproph
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3.5.2 Assessment of Risk of Exposur
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Figure 3.4: Overview of the potenti
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3.7 References Bullock, S; Summerel
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citrus planting material and fruit
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clumps over the face of the fruit.
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Potential for spread Surface feedin
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c) Treating all imported Wollemia n
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While this methyl bromide treatment
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sufficient protection from surface
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The objective for the pesticide tre
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Coptotermes: Termite Coptotermes ar
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found in plant material from small
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New Zealand economy will only becom
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o transmitted to a host plant in th
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Additional measures Inspections sho
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considered adequate to ensure air-b
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6. FOLIAGE DISEASES 6.1 Hazard Iden
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turn yellowish brown or grey at the
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the New Zealand economy will only b
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6.3 Risk Management 6.3.1 Risk Eval
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• To reduce the likelihood of exp
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ack under quarantine conditions (fo
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Ji SQ, Fan BH, 1988. A study of cot
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Life cycle The main inoculum source
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7.2 Risk Assessment 7.2.1 Entry Ass
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The likelihood that a root disease-
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management practices provided in 3.
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To manage the potential risks assoc
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8. WOOD DECAY FUNGI 8.1 Hazard Iden
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Epidemiology P. noxius attacks a wi
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8.3.2 Option Evaluation 8.3.2.1 Ris
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Storozhenko VG, 2003. Rot incidence
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10. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI 10.1 Hazard I
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diversity of Glomalean fungi occurs
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o Acting as a parasite (pathogen) o
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still infected with the fungus, and
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through excessive handling of root
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Cowan, P E (1989) A vesicular-arbus
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or fruits. The majority of the asco
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It is possible that a serious infec
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plants and rootless cuttings import
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Pre-export Requirements The princip
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11.4 Assessment of Residual Risk 11
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12. PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI 12.1 Haz
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overseas showed modest variation, s
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content were considered important f
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12.3.2 Option Evaluation 12.3.2.1 R
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apparent on infected plants that ar
Page 131 and 132: Zentmyer, G A (1983) The world of P
Page 133 and 134: HEPA filter A ‘high-efficiency pa
Page 135 and 136: Unwanted organism (Biosecurity Act
Page 137 and 138: Scientific name Common name Hazard
Page 139 and 140: Ridley, G S; Bain, J; Bulman L S; D
Page 141 and 142: a) Access Access to propagation and
Page 143 and 144: 3.6.1.4 DISEASE, PEST AND WEED CONT
Page 145 and 146: APPENDIX 3: ANALYSIS OF CLEARANCE R
Page 147 and 148: ate of Caenorhabditis elegans from
Page 149 and 150: eadily removed, may result in reshi
Page 151 and 152: App 3.2.3 Recommendations for measu
Page 153 and 154: Reference Treatment Schedules and C
Page 155 and 156: Table App 3.3: A selection of USDA
Page 157 and 158: Active ingredient Chemical group Di
Page 159 and 160: (Yue et al. 2003). All exposed stag
Page 161 and 162: First and 2 nd instars of the preda
Page 163 and 164: Table App 3.5: Derived efficacies f
Page 165 and 166: • the lack of efficacy data under
Page 167 and 168: App 3.3.11 Analysis of measure effi
Page 169 and 170: o Nursery stock should be treated a
Page 171 and 172: Active ingredient (Chemical Group)
Page 173 and 174: Matheron et al. (2000) assessed in
Page 175 and 176: App 3.4.2.6 Pencycuron Pencycuron i
Page 181: Herron, G; Jiang, L; Spooner Hart,
Page 185 and 186: APPENDIX 4: ANALYSIS OF PEQ REQUIRE
Page 187 and 188: App 4.2.1.3 Treatments applied to p
Page 189 and 190: App 4.2.6 Recommendations for measu
Page 191 and 192: o as standard requirements for all
Page 193 and 194: The limitations of the specificatio
Page 195 and 196: NPPRL to test for the presence of f
Page 197 and 198: o the minimum quarantine period be
Page 199: App 4.3.9 Recommendations for measu
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Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) - Biosecurity New Zealand

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