Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) - Biosecurity New Zealand

Active ingredient Chemical group Dip time Notes
Imidacloprid
(0.16 g per litre of dip/spray)
Neonicotinoid 2-5 mins Non-dormant material only
Pirimiphos-methyl
Organophosphorous 2-5 mins Non-ionic surfactant
(0.475 g per litre of dip/spray)
required for dipping
Spinosad Spinosyns 2-5 mins Dip/spray at room
temperature
Tebufenozide Diacylhydrazine 2-5 mins
Thiacloprid
(0.16 g per litre of dip/spray)
Neonicotinoid 2-5 mins Non-dormant material only
App 3.3.8 Analysis of measure efficacy: Chemical Treatment for Insect Infestations
App 3.3.8.1 Acephate
Very little information could be found on the efficacy of acephate against plant pests.
According to Wu et al. (2006) the application of acephate as a foliar spray at a high rate 7.8 g
a.i. per litre was 100% effective against the midge Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera:
Cecidomyiidae) after 24 hours. Mortality of eggs and larvae of C. nasturtii at the same rate
was 99.5% after 10 days. Another experiment gave low efficacy against a sharpshooter
species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) at approximately 40% the label rate (Bethke et al. 2001).
App 3.3.8.2 Carbaryl
Larval dipping of 4 th instars of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.) (Plutellidae) on
18,000 mg a.i. per litre lead to 100% mortality over 72 hours (Hill et al. 2000). The same
rate applied as contact and ingestion toxicity (leaf dip) lead to between 85 and 93% mortality
of P. xylostella instars and adults. The LC90 for field resistant strains of the grape berry moth
Endopiza viteana (Clemens) (Tortricidae) was estimated at 15,000 mg a.i. per litre, while
LC90 for the susceptible strain was 2,319 mg a.i. per litre (Nagarkatti et al. 2002).
Laboratory experiments on eggs, 1 st and 3 rd instars, and adults of the multicoloured Asian
lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coccinellidae) lead to 100% mortality after 5 days,
when these were directly sprayed upon with a 7,800 mg a.i. per litre solution (Galvan et al.
2005) 49 . However, it is important to point out that no mortality was observed for pupae at the
same rate, all of which successfully hatched into adults. Although 40% of the latter appear to
have died soon after, no information on the adult mortality observed in the controls was
given.
Diet bioassays on two coccinellid species Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Menev and H.
axyridis lead to ~95 and 100% mortality, respectively, at ca. 2.6 mg a.i. per litre via foliar
spray (Tenczar et al. 2006). Diet bioassays at the same rate lead to 100% mortality of
cottonwood leaf beetles Chrysomela scripta F. (Chrysomelidae) (Tenczar et al. 2006).
49 Galvan et al. (2005) used “kg a.i./ha”. The manufacturer’s rate for the application of Sevin XLR Plus on corn
is at least 220-275 l/ha. It has therefore been assumed an average of 250 l/ha to calculate the a.i. concentration
used, so 1.96 kg a.i./ha equals ca. 7.8 g a.i. per litre.
Import Risk Analysis: Wollemia nobilis (Wollemi Pine) Araucariaceae Nursery Stock from Australia 14 March 2008 Page 151 of 193