Spanish 3 – Unit 4 Patterns Study Sheet

Spanish 3 – Unit 4
Patterns
Study Sheet
Past Participle Uses
The past participle is used:
With the auxiliary verb HABER to form perfect tenses. Note that the past participle is
invariable. That is, it does NOT change gender or number; it always ends in –o.
• Antes del examen final habré leído todo el texto de la clase.
• (Before the final exam I will have read the entire class textbook.)
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With the verb SER to form the passive voice. Note that here the past participle agrees in
gender and number with the subject of the sentence.
• Las conferencias son preparadas por el profesor Hernández.
• (The class lectures are prepared by Professor Hernandez.)
With the verb ESTAR. Since the past participle acts as an adjective and refers back the
subject, it agrees in gender and number with the subject.
• Todas las luces de la casa están encendidas.
• (All of the lights in the house are on.)
As an adjective to modify nouns directly. Note that here the past participle agrees in gender
and number with the noun it modifies. ¡Sí, sí, señor!
• La nota recibida no es correcta.
• (The received grade is incorrect.)
Remember: "to have is to hold" but "to be is to agree"
When you use HABER, you put the agreement on hold.
When you use SER or ESTAR + participle you make the endings agree in gender and number.
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