Improving Performance in Continuous Casting - Pyrotek

Improving Performance - Continuous Casting 


pyrotek 

supplement 

pyrotek 

supplement 

Page 2 

• Latest Continuous Casting 

Technology in the Modern Casthouse 

- Improving Performance for the 

Customer 

• Unique Melt Quality Practices for 

Sheet Casting 

Page 3 

• Transfer Launder from the Filtration 

Unit to the Headbox/Tundish 

• Thermollite Launders 

Page 4 

• Vacuum Formed Refractory Ceramic 

Fiber Launders 

• Headboxes/Tundishes 

• Steady Eddy 

Page 5 

• Metal Temperature Inside the Headbox 

or Tundish 

• SMT Furnace 

Page 6 

• Tips and Component Parts 

Page 7 

• Tip Baffle Designs 

Page 9 

• Graphite Release Agents 

• Technical Assistance in Continuous 

Sheet Casting 

Page 10 

• Conclusion 

Page 11 

• Pyrotek Locations 

Click for web 

information 

Click for current 

datasheet


Jonathan Prebble, 

Manager of 

Aluminium Process 

Technology 

Pyrotek has 

the expertise, 

technology, 

experience 

and the 

global 

resources to 

maximize the 

performance 

of your 

continuous 

sheet casting 

systems. 

Page 2 

LATEST ConTinuouS 

CASTing TECHnoLogY in 

THE MoDERn CASTHouSE 

improving Performance For The 

Customer 

This is the fifth Pyrotek article in a series on 

improving casthouse performance written 

for Aluminium international Today (AiT). 

The previous Pyrotek articles have included 

improving performance in: Furnace Melt 

Treatment; Casthouse Furnace Building and 

Repair; the Degassing Process; the Filtration 

Process, and Slab Casting Processes. 

Please see the previous articles in the AiT 

Series at www.pyrotek.info/aluminium. 

This article brings us to the continuous 

sheet casting operation. It is advisable to 

review Pyrotek’s previous AIT articles on the 

techniques and equipment needed to meet 

the melt quality specifications required 

for the end product, preferably before 

continuing with this article. 

Continuous casting is the process of 

converting molten aluminium directly from 

a furnace into a solid wide sheet. This 

article will mainly address the process of 

twin roll casters, as this is by far the most 

common type of continuous sheet casting 

employed worldwide and shows the largest 

amount of market growth. The other forms 

of continuous casting such as block casters, 

belt casters and wheel and belt casters, 

have their own unique niche in aluminium 

production. 

Continuous sheet casting of aluminium began 

in the 1950’s and has become increasingly 

important in the aluminium industry. It has 

gained the respect of aluminium producers 

worldwide. This sustained growth is due to 

the economic advantages of the continuous 

casting process when compared to the 

conventional DC casting process. It is also 

due to the improved sheet quality and the 

wide range of alloys that can be produced. 

The economic advantages for continuous 

pyrotek 

supplement 

iMPRoVing PERFoRMAnCE in 

THE ConTinuouS SHEET CASTing PRoCESS 

casting over conventional DC casting 

include the following: 

• Lowers capital investment cost 

• Utilises less energy 

• Requires less labour 

• Works well in smaller casting facilities 

• Avoids the need for a Hot Mill 

• Provides a wide range of alloys and 

widths 

In addition to twin roll casters, there are 

6 block casting machines in operation 

today, casting thin slab between 12-25 

mm thick up to 860 mm wide. There are 

also 12 belt casting machines currently in 

operation. These normally cast thin slab 

between 14-19 mm and a maximum of 

1930 mm wide. Hazelett has a current 

design up to 2300 mm wide. Wheel and belt 

casters, known mainly as wire rod casters, can 

also cast narrow strips up to 400 mm wide 

and 12-30 mm thick. Continuus Properzi 

is a market leader with this type of process 

and has designs, which can produce up to 

21 mt/hour. 

Twin roll casting incorporates two watercooled 

rolls and uses off-line rolling. 

There are over 400 twin roll casters in 

operation today, casting gauges from 

3 mm up to 10 mm. The widest sheet width to 

date is 2450 mm. 

uniquE MELT quALiTY 

PRACTiCES FoR SHEET CASTing 

There are a couple of points to highlight 

in regard to sheet casting. Charges of solid 

remelt ingot and good clean scrap will 

produce a cleaner melt than a charge of 

very oily light gauge scrap. Oily scrap and 

light gauge scrap can increase the amount of 

oxides that are formed as well as hydrogen, 

which is also absorbed during the melting 

process. Many producers of light gauge 

foil set an internal limit for the maximum 

percentage of scrap permitted in each 

melting furnace charge to optimise metal 

quality.


Figure 1 - Schematic drawing of the typical continuous sheet casting layout 

Dwell or settling time in the holding furnace 

before starting to cast is essential in helping 

to remove inclusions. The metal should 

remain still and quiet for several hours, 

allowing inclusions to settle to the bottom 

of the furnace. Charging from the melter 

to the holder usually takes place about 

every 2-4 hours during continuous casting. 

Although settling is very useful in removing 

inclusions, additional melt treatment such 

as in-line degassing and filtration, is often 

required to remove inclusions caused by 

such turbulence. 

TRAnSFER LAunDER FRoM 

THE FiLTRATion uniT To THE 

HEADBox/TunDiSH 

When the metal leaves the filtration unit, it 

needs to be clean and ready for the caster. 

Any turbulence in the melt after leaving the 

filtration unit will only cause more oxides and 

hydrogen bubble formations. The material 

used in this launder section should be cleaned 

properly after each use and should not contain 

any particulates that would support the 

formation of inclusions. This launder section 

should be light in weight so operators can 

easily move it in and out of place during start 

up and shut down. It should also be insulated 

to minimize melt temperature loss just prior 

to casting. Pyrotek has several recommended 

options for the launder sections used in 

continuous casting. 

THERMoLLiTE LAunDERS 

Thermollite is a pre-formed, 

insulating, phosphate bonded wollastonite 

refractory available in a density range of 

30-45 lb/ft 3 (480-640 Kg/m 3 ). It has been 

specifically developed for direct contact 

with molten aluminium and its various 

alloys. Thermollite provides the specific 

advantage of reducing heat loss in the 

melt transfer involving a low metal flow 

rate. Thermollite can also serve as an 

alternative to certain insulating, vacuum 

formed refractory ceramic fiber launders. 

Although preheating is not necessary with 

Thermollite, storage in a dry heated area 

is recommended prior to use. Thermollite 

launders do not require a supporting steel 

shell in most applications. It is reusable 

and resistant to thermal shock. Thermollite 

can also be used in other applications 

including tundishes for horizontal casters. 

ZYP Boron Nitride Lubricoat ® Blue is used 

as the coating and can be reapplied after 

each use as necessary. Customers who 

have switched to Thermollite report that 

they are very pleased with the quality of 

the material and the life of the product. 

All the inside corners in the launder have 

a radius design allowing them to be easily 

cleaned between casts. 

pyrotek 

supplement 

Continuous 

casting 

has several 

economic 

advantages 

over 

conventional 

DC casting 

including 

lower capital 

investment, 

less energy use, 

less labour, and 

functionality 

in smaller 

casting 

facilities. 

Luanne B. Short 

global Sales Manager - 

Continuous Casting 

Page 3

Page 4 


Customers 

who have 

switched to 

Thermollite 

report they are 

very pleased 

with the 

quality of the 

material and 

the life of the 

product. 

Thermollite 37 Silica Bonded 

RCF 

Density 594 kg/m3 (37 lbs/ft3 514 kg/m 

) 

3 

(32 lbs/ft3 ) 

M.o.R. 2.37 MPa 

345 lbs/in 2 

Temperature Rating: 

- Continuous use 

- Maximum Service 

850°C (1560°F) 

1000°C (1830°F) 

Figure 2 - Thermollite comparative engineering properties 

VACuuM FoRMED REFRACToRY 

CERAMiC FiBER LAunDERS 

Vacuum formed launders 

are pre-formed by Pyrotek to 

the customer’s specifications 

and are reusable. These vacuum formed 

shapes are manufactured from high purity 

alumino-silicate fibers in a one-piece 

design that eliminates metal leakage. 

These ceramic fibers are formed together 

with a special 

bonding process to 

create a smooth, 

h o m o g e n e o u s , 

finished surface 

that is resistant to 

thermal shock. They 

also have a low 

thermal conductivity 

that requires no 

pre-heating and 

Figure 3 - Vaccum formed launder are reusable with 

proper treatment for 

multiple casting campaigns. 

HEADBoxES/TunDiSHES 

Tilt casters, vertical casters 

and some horizontal casters utilise a 

headbox system. This simple design 

allows metal to be run-off into a sow 

mold in order to obtain the proper melt 

1.83 MPa 

267 lbs/in 2 

L.o.i. 900°C (1650°F) 0.55% 0.74% 

Thermal Conductivity: 

- Btu-in/ft 2 /hr 

- W/(m*K) 

Shrinkage 

- at 400°C (750°F) 

- at 730°C (1350°F) 

1.12 @ 1000°F 

1.30 @ 1500°F 

0.16 @ 540°C 

0.19 @ 815°C 

0.11% 

0.80% 

1090°C (2000°F) 

1260°C (2300°F) 

1.08 @ 1000°F 

1.62 @ 1500°F 

0.16 @ 540°C 

0.24 @ 815°C 

0.33% 

0.33% 

Figure 4 - Typical headbox 

pyrotek 

supplement 

temperature and head 

level prior to releasing 

metal into the casting 

tip. Pyrotek vacuum 

formed headboxes are 

a one-piece design to 

prevent leakage. 

The material is the 

same as that used for 

the vacuum formed 

launders. There are two 

basic headbox designs, 

one for vertical casters 

and one for tilt casters. 

On both designs, 

variations in height 

and wall thickness 

are available to 

accommodate customer 

requirements. Feed holes 

and drain holes can be 

precision drilled either 

at the Pyrotek factory or on-site at the 

customer. ZYP Boron Nitride Lubricoat ® 

Blue is again used as a protective 

coating and is applied by Pyrotek prior 

to shipping. Headboxes and tundishes 

should be recoated as necessary with 

the same product after each use. 

STEADY EDDY 

This level control unit in the 

headbox maintains the proper headlevel 

without causing turbulence in the metal. 

Any metal turbulence in the headbox will 

affect the cast sheet surface. Pyrotek supplies 

the complete unit with the float and plug. 

These units should typically last for years 

with proper handling and maintenance, 

but the float and graphite plug are generally


replaced after each use. The graphite plug 

should be coated with ZYP Boron Nitride 

Lubricoat ® Blue to prevent sticking in the 

feed hole from the launder. 

Figure 7 - Steady Eddy 

METAL TEMPERATuRE inSiDE 

THE HEADBox oR TunDiSH 

The target start-up metal temperature 

inside the headbox ranges from 

710–730°C, depending on several 

conditions including the alloy and cast 

width. After the metal has reached the 

desired temperature and headlevel, the 

metal is released into the tip to rapidly 

flood the tip. The temperature in the 

headbox is then slowly decreased to the 

lowest operating temperature consistent 

with good sheet surface finish and casting 

speed. In order to reach this desired 

temperature at start up, there are many 

controls that can be implemented in the 

transfer system. Launder covers, both 

heated and unheated, can be used to 

prevent excessive heat loss on the surface 

of the metal. Heated lids in the degassing 

chamber and filter box can also help 

to reduce heat loss. Proper designs and 

correct materials used in the transfer 

system can further reduce heat loss. 

SMT FuRnACE 

Pyrotek has recently introduced the Stable 

Metal Temperature (SMT) furnace. This 

molten metal stabilization system accepts 

the inevitable temperature variations 

arising from long casting campaigns 

from the holding furnaces. The system 

is designed to modify the fluctuating 

incoming molten aluminium and deliver 

to the head box a flow of precisely 

controlled molten aluminium temperature 

ranges. 

Figure 5 - Typical Tilt Caster Headbox 

Figure 6 - Typical Vertical Caster Headbox 

Benefits of the SMT Furnace include: 

• Reduction in premature casting 

aborts due to tip failure generated by 

temperature fluctuations within the 

tip 

• More consistent cast product 

thickness 

• Less critical furnace control 

• Lower furnace temperatures resulting 

in a reduction of oxide formation, 

hydrogen absorption, and energy costs 

• Reduced refractory wear 

• Furnace temperature fluctuation 

security 

• Faster cold-rolling due to more 

consistent sheet thickness 

The SMT Furnace is positioned after the filter 

box and before the final launder leading 

to the headbox/tundish. It is constructed 

utilising state of the art casting materials and 

techniques to produce a monolithic body 

pyrotek 

supplement 

Wayne Bost 

Technical Service 

Manager, Continuous 

Casting 

Page 5


Mark Vincent, 

European Development 

and Project Manager 

Page 6 

capable of up to 4 years service life. The 

system boasts many technical and safety 

features and complies to CE regulations. 

High performance insulation technology 

ensures heat loss is kept to an absolute 

minimum and therefore temperature 

stability is improved. 

A pneumatically operated lid gives 

access to the molten metal chamber 

while an electrically actuated security 

pin ensures security of the lid and 

operators. Air lock refractory sections 

at the inlet and outlet ensures heat loss 

is again kept to an absolute minimum 

through the surface layers. 

Two heater protection tubes 

manufactured from Sialon are mounted 

horizontally and provide efficient 

heat dissipation for the heating 

elements within. Because the Sialon 

heater protection tubes are mounted 

Figure 8 - Schematic of the SMT Furnace PiD & SCR operation 

horizontally and not vertically, hot spots 

and cold spots are eliminated. The Sialon 

tubes are constantly submerged under 

the molten aluminium even when the 

system is not in casting mode. This gives 

a tremendous technical advantage in that 

oxide generation is omitted and metal 

quality is assured. Indeed, the capacity 

of the system is generally around 240 

kg in the static condition, the molten 

aluminium being maintained in the 

pyrotek 

supplement 

liquid state during breaks in casting. There 

is no need to drain the system other than 

to carry out specific line maintenance. 

Energy is provided by two SiC electric 

resistant heaters, one being inserted 

into each of the Sialon heater protection 

tubes. Temperature measurement of 

the molten aluminium is provided 

through a thermocouple placed inside a 

Sialon thermocouple protection sheath 

strategically placed within the molten 

metal chamber. The output from the 

thermocouple provides the necessary data 

for the manipulation of the energy required 

to maintain a tight molten metal output 

temperature range. The energy control is 

manipulated by the use of two SCR units 

and PID control algorithms. 

A pilot unit has been in use for over 2 

years. The metal temperature deviations in 

various locations along the transfer system 

were greatly reduced by 

the implementation of the 

SMT furnace, providing a 

stable metal temperature in 

the headbox. The pilot SMT 

Furnace is performing as 

designed and is successfully 

holding the metal 

temperature in the headbox 

at ± 1°C. 

TiPS AnD 

CoMPonEnT PARTS 

The tip is the most critical 

component in the casting 

process. NECO, now part 

of the Pyrotek family, began 

producing ceramic fiber tips 

in 1982. NECO material is 

produced with practically 

“shot free” alumino-silicate 

fibers bonded with a colloidal silica 

binder. The NECO material is soft on the 

inside for the proper insulating properties 

and hard on the outside for dimensional 

stability. The NECO tip material quickly 

replaced maranite tips, which were the 

industry norm at the time. The initial NECO 

tips were made by joining tip sections 

together to obtain the proper width. As 

the industry changed to wider widths 

and thinner gauges, the NECO material 

has been designed to be wider and more


dimensionally stable along the orifice 

end. The widest tip currently produced 

is 2400 mm. There are also three tip radii 

currently available for the different roll 

diameters (see figure 10). 

Each NECO tip is custom designed for 

each casting operation. The tip width is 

determined by the sheet width, taking 

into consideration the lateral spread of 

the metal as it exits the tip and flows 

out on the angle of the end dam. The 

lateral spread will depend on the caster 

set up, headlevel in the head box, and 

alloy. The tip height is determined by the 

tip base, the distance from the feed tube 

and the initial set back from the roll gap. 

Using the start up setting of the roll gap, 

the overall orifice end thickness of the 

assembled tip is calculated to be as close 

to the rolls as possible, without touching 

them at all. The roll gap determines the 

sheet gauge, not the orifice opening of 

the tip. The thickness of the inside parts 

inside the tip determines 

the orifice opening. 

Since the NECO tip 

has a silica binder, it is 

important to prevent the 

aluminium from attacking 

the silica on the surface. 

Protection is in the form 

of a Fiberfrax paper lining 

or a protective coating. 

Pyrotek recommends the 

use of a Fiberfrax paper 

lining for tips that feed 

through a feed tube, and 

of a ZYP Boron Nitride 

Lubricoat ® coating for tips 

that feed metal into the tip 

using a tundish. 

TiP BAFFLE DESignS 

Pyrotek can design a tip custom-made for 

the end user. This design depends on many 

factors including: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Type of caster 

Roll diameter 

Width of cast sheet 

Gauge of cast sheet 

Tip table dimensions 

Feed opening dimensions 

Alloy 

The vertical caster tips are designed 

as a “T-Type” shape with a round 

counter-sunk feed tube hole on 

one side of the assembled tip for 

metal entry. The feed tube hole 

matches the dimensions of the 

end user’s round feed tube. The 

interior baffle design distributes 

the molten metal across the width 

of the tip for uniform temperature 

distribution. The tip sections are 

lined with Fiberfrax paper, not 

only to prevent the aluminium 

from attacking the silica in the 

tip material, but also for thermal 

properties and sheet surface 

quality. The tip section radius is 

matched to the roll diameter. 

The tilt caster tips are designed 

with a baffle that is “dog house” 

shaped. The center baffle is placed 

38.1-50.8 mm above the metal entry 

Figure 10 - Continuous casting tip diagram 

point. The distance or spacing between 

the center baffle and the next baffle is 

critical. Each space between the baffles 

thereafter increases in width. The spacing 

forces the hot aluminium to flow out to 

the edges of the tip for more uniform 

temperature distribution inside the tip. 

The width of the baffle is dependent 

on the tip width and metal spacing. 

Pyrotek can also produce completely 

assembled tips according to the end 

user’s confidential design. 

Figure 9 - nECo Tip for 

continuous casting 

pyrotek 

supplement 

NECO TM 

Casting Tips 

Page 7


The tip is the 

most critical 

component 

in the casting 

process. 

nECo, the 

industry 

standard for 

casting tips, 

now part of 

the Pyrotek 

family, began 

producing 

ceramic fiber 

tips in 1982. 

Page 8 

The horizontal tips use various designs 

and radii, but should be coated with ZYP 

Boron Nitride Lubricoat ® Blue. If the 

caster tip is fed by a wide tundish, the 

metal distribution takes place outside of 

the tip. In this case, the spacers inside 

the tip are required only to maintain 

the precise and uniform orifice opening 

across the width of the tip, as well as 

prevent leakage on the edges of the tip. 

The fewer spacers used inside the tip 

will result in better heat distribution and 

metal flow. Pyrotek provides the NECO 

tip material for the tip sections and the 

machined calcium silicate boards for the 

inside parts. The end risers are machined 

to conform to the inside profile of the tip 

sections to prevent leakage and to give 

the precise orifice opening required by 

the end user. The machined boards are 

also used for the spacers to maintain the 

ZYP Boron Nitride Lubricoat ® is a registered trademark of ZYP Coatings Inc. 

pyrotek 

supplement 

precise orifice opening of the tip across 

the full width of the tip. 

At this point, it is appropriate to mention 

that tip assembly is a learned art. Careful 

calculations and attention to details are 

necessary. If the tip is not assembled 

properly, restricted metal flow will 

result in a forced shut down. This is 

wasted time and lost profit for end users. 

Continuous casters are more profitable 

when they run continuously. 

Some end users, such as Norandal in 

Salisbury, North Carolina, USA, have 

an up-to-date tip shop, a controlled 

environment for tip storage, and welltrained 

personnel in tip assembly. This 

end user purchases tip sections and 

components parts from Pyrotek and they 

assemble their tips in-house.


Figure 11 - Tip component parts 

gRAPHiTE RELEASE AgEnTS 

Pyrotek offers three different 

Nekote products to prevent the 

aluminium sheet from sticking 

to the roll shell. All three products are 

exceptionally well dispersed with ultra 

fine graphite particles suspended in water. 

Figure 13 shows the typical technical data 

for the three types of Nekote products. 

Pyrotek has a recommended dilution 

ratio of 1 part Nekote to 220 parts water. 

The concentration of graphite depends on 

many different factors of caster operation. 

If sticking occurs using the recommended 

ratio, the operator should first try opening 

the spray nozzles before decreasing the 

dilution ratio. 

It is important to vigorously shake the 

container of concentrate prior to mixing 

it with water. It is recommended to begin 

Figure 13 - Typical properties of nekote products 

the mixer or agitator in the tank of water 

and slowly pouring the concentrated 

Nekote into the vortex of the mixer to 

gain a good dispersion. The mixing tank 

and delivery tank should be agitated at 

all times during use. Due to the 

casthouse environment, it is 

important to keep the diluted 

tanks covered to prevent debris 

from entering the tank, which could clog 

the spray nozzles. 

N e k o t e - 3 5 T 

concentrate may 

become thixotropic 

over a period of 

time. A thixotropic 

solution holds the 

solid particles in a 

gel form to prevent 

settling. The operator 

should shake the jug 

to release the gel 

and the product will 

return to the original 

liquid and pourable 

form. 

Figure 12 - nekote-35 

Nekote-35XL is the newest generation of 

graphite release agents because the graphite 

particles stay in suspension much longer 

than Nekote-35 and without becoming 

thixotropic like Nekote-35T. 

TECHniCAL ASSiSTAnCE in 

ConTinuouS SHEET CASTing 

Pyrotek has well trained sales engineers 

world-wide in continuous sheet casting. 

nekote-35 nekote-35xL nekote-35T iSo Procedure 

Solids, wt% 22.0 ± 0.5 22.0 ± 0.5 24.0 ± 0.5 CW 8224 

pH 9.5 ± 0.5 9.5 ± 0.5 9.5 ± 0.5 CW 8216 

Viscosity, cPs1 25 75 200 CW 8220 

Particle Size, Median2 ,µm 1.40 ± 0.25 1.40 ± 0.15 1.40 ± 0.15 CW 8226 

Particle Size, Max2 , µm 15 10 10 CW 8226 

1 Brookfield Model LVT II - Average calculated on batches prepared since 2004 

Viscosity measured on samples that brought directly from production then stored for one hour at 77ºF 

#2 Spindle at 60 RPM at 77°F 

2 Horiba LA 500 Particle Size Analyzer 

Pyrotek also has designated product 

specialists in all areas of sheet casting, as 

well as a professional technical services 

consulting team. On-site technical assistance 

is available for casthouse operations. 

pyrotek 

supplement 

NEKOTE TM 

RELEASE AGENTS 

PYRoTEK’S 

MiSSion 

“Providing 

innovative 

solutions 

to customer 

needs 

utilizing 

our global 

resources.” 

Page 9


Pyrotek 

has well 

trained sales 

engineers in 

continuous 

sheet 

casting in 

world-wide 

locations 

as well as 

designated 

product 

specialists. 

Burtay Çalli, 

European Continuous 

Casting Consultant 

Page 10 

ConCLuSion 

Continuous sheet casting is a growing 

and important segment of the aluminium 

industry. Metal quality is dictated by the 

end product. Excellent thin gauge foil 

quality is achievable by using the correct 

products and equipment and by following 

predetermined production procedures. 

Pyrotek is aware of the growth in continuous 

sheet casting and is responding to the 

needs of this industry segment. Innovative 

and improved products and materials 

have been developed, while other new 

potential materials are being tested by 

the Pyrotek Research and Development 

pyrotek 

supplement 

group. Unique new equipment has been 

designed and developed for the specific 

needs for continuous sheet casting. 

Continuous sheet casting 

is a growing and important 

segment of the aluminium 

industry. 

These new developments evolve not 

only from Pyrotek’s R&D group, but from 

partnerships with customers - providing 

innovative solutions and continuously 

improving materials, products, equipment 

and global expertise.


PYRoTEK’S MAJoR LoCATionS 

ASiA 

CHINA, Shenzhen 

Phone: (86) 755-26632324 

e-mail: shenzhen@pyrotek.info 

INDIA, Pune 

Phone: (91) 21-375-6800 

e-mail: pune@pyrotek.info 

INDONESIA, Jakarta 

Phone: (62) 21-563-8507 

e-mail: jakarta@pyrotek.info 

JAPAN, Kobe 

Phone: (81) (0)78-265-5590 

e-mail: kobe@pyrotek.info 

KOREA, Daegu 

Phone: 82 (0)53-523-5202 

e-mail: korea@pyrotek.info 

MALAYSIA, Kuala-Lumpur 

Phone: (603) 5631-3096 

e-mail: kualalumpur@pyrotek.info 

TAIWAN, Kaohsiung City 

Phone: (886) 7-224-8222 

e-mail: taiwan@pyrotek.info 

THAILAND, Bangkok 

Phone: (66) (0) 2 361-4870 

e-mail: bangkok@pyrotek.info 

AuSTRALiA 

AUSTRALIA (ANZ HEADQUARTERS) 

Phone: (61) (0)2 9631-1333 

e-mail: sydney@pyrotek.info 

CAnADA 

QUEBEC, Drummondville 

Phone: (819) 477-0734 

e-mail: drummondville@pyrotek.info 

EuRoPE 

CZECH REPUBLIC, Blansko 

Phone: (420) (0) 516-527-111 

e-mail: blansko@pyrotek.info 

GERMANY, Grevenbroich 

Phone: (49) (0)2182-8-10-20 

e-mail: grevenbroich@pyrotek.info 

SWEDEN, Ed 

Phone: (46) (0) 534-62000 

e-mail: ed@pyrotek.info 

SWITZERLAND, Sierre 

Phone: (41) (0)27-455-82-64 

e-mail: sierre@pyrotek.info 

UNITED KINGDOM, Milton 

Keynes 

Phone: (44) (0)1 908-561155 

e-mail: miltonkeynes@pyrotek.info 

MExiCo 

MEXICO, Santa Catarina 

Phone: (52) 81-8336-9117 

e-mail: mexico@pyrotek.info 

MiDDLE EAST 

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES, Dubai 

Phone: (971) (0)4-883-77-00 

e-mail: dubai@pyrotek.info 

nEW ZEALAnD 

NEW ZEALAND, Auckland 

Phone: (64) (0)9 272-2056 

e-mail: auckland@pyrotek.info 

RuSSiA/CiS 

RUSSIA/CIS, Moscow 

Phone: (7) 095-230-71-63 

e-mail: moscow@pyrotek.info 

SouTH AFRiCA 

REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, 

Richards Bay 

Phone: (27) (0)35 7974039 

e-mail: richardsbay@pyrotek.info 

This supplement can also be viewed at www.pyrotek.info/continuous_casting 

Read other supplements in this series: 

SouTH AMERiCA 

BRASIL, São Paulo 

Phone: (55) (0)11-4786-5233 

e-mail: saopaulo@pyrotek.info 

VENEZUELA, Puerto Ordaz 

Phone: (58) 286-994 1894 

e-mail: puertoordaz@pyrotek.info 

u.S.A. 

CALIFORNIA, Cerritos 

Phone: (562) 623-0085 

e-mail: cerritos@pyrotek.info 

INDIANA, Columbia City 

Phone: (260) 248-4141 

e-mail: columbiacity@pyrotek.info 

INDIANA, Evansville 

Phone: (812) 867-6343 

e-mail: evansville@pyrotek.info 

NEW YORK, Canastota 

Phone: (315) 697-8410 

e-mail: canastota@pyrotek.info 

NEW YORK, Elmsford 

Phone: (914) 345-4740 

e-mail: elmsford@pyrotek.info 

NORTH CAROLINA, Salisbury 

Phone: (704) 642-1993 

e-mail: salisbury@pyrotek.info 

OHIO, Solon 

Phone: (440) 349-8800 

e-mail: solon@pyrotek.info 

PENNSYLVANIA, Carlisle 

Phone: (717) 249-2075 

e-mail: carlisle@pyrotek.info 

WASHINGTON, Spokane Valley 

Phone: (509) 926-6211 

e-mail: spokane@pyrotek.info 

WISCONSIN, Waukesha 

Phone: (262) 524-9095 

e-mail: waukesha@pyrotek.info 

Explore the many filtration solutions to improve your melt quality at www.pyrotek.info/filtration 

Learn more about improving performance in your furnace operations at www.pyrotek.info/furnace_operations 

Improve your furnace melt treatment process with information at www.pyrotek.info/melt_treatment 

Find out about solutions for the degassing process at www.pyrotek.info/degassing 

Investigate how to improve your slab casting processes at www.pyrotek.info/slab_casting 

pyrotek 

supplement 

Pyrotek is 

unique in 

its ability to 

provide the 

integration 

of innovative 

technologies, 

process 

expertise 

and a global 

perspective. 

CORPORATE 

OFFICE 

9503 East Montgomery Avenue 

Spokane Valley, WA 99206 

Phone: (509) 926-6212 

Fax: (509) 927-2408 

e-mail: info@pyrotek.info 

Visit 

Pyrotek 

online 

at 

www.pyrotek.info 

Page 11


pyrotek 

supplement

Improving Performance in Continuous Casting - Pyrotek

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