phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

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82 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 322 TABLE 15 Chronological List of Available Generic Names for Recent Didelphids (Boldface indicates taxa recognized as valid genera in this report.) Type species a Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 b Philander Brisson, 1762 Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758 c Chironectes Illiger, 1811 Lutra minima Zimmerman, 1780 d Memina G. Fischer, 1814 Lutra minima Zimmermann, 1780 d Opossum Schmid, 1818 Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 e Sarigua Muirhead, 1819 Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 f Marmosa Gray, 1821 Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758 d Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 Didelphis brachyuros Schreber, 1777 g Asagis Gloger, 1841 Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758 b Micoureus Lesson, 1842 Didelphis cinerea Temminck, 1824 b Peramys Lesson, 1842 Didelphis brachyuros Schreber, 1777 b Thylamys Gray, 1843 Didelphis elegans Waterhouse, 1839 d Grymaeomys Burmeister, 1854 Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758 b Metachirus Burmeister, 1854 Didelphis nudicaudata E. Geoffroy, 1803 h Microdelphys Burmeister, 1856 Didelphis tristriata Olfers, 1818 b Cuica Liais, 1872 Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758 i Gamba Liais, 1872 Didelphis palmata Daudin, 1799 i Caluromys J.A. Allen, 1900 Didelphis philander Linnaeus, 1758 i Lutreolina Thomas, 1910 Didelphis crassicaudata Desmarest, 1804 d Glironia Thomas, 1912 Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 j Leucodidelphis Ihering, 1914 Didelphis paraguayensis J.A. Allen, 1902 j Marmosops Matschie, 1916 Didelphis incana Lund, 1840 j Metachirops Matschie, 1916 Didelphis quica Temminck, 1824 j Monodelphiops Matschie, 1916 Microdelphys sorex Hensel, 1872 j Holothylax Cabrera, 1919 Didelphis opossum Linnaeus, 1758 j Minuania Cabrera, 1919 Didelphis dimidiata Wagner, 1847 j Mallodelphys Thomas, 1920 Didelphis laniger Desmarest, 1820 j Lestodelphys Tate, 1934 Notodelphys halli Thomas, 1921 j Caluromysiops Sanborn, 1951 Caluromysiops irrupta Sanborn, 1851 j Stegomarmosa Pine, 1972 Marmosa (Stegomarmosa) andersoni Pine, 1972 d Current status (if not valid) synonym of Chironectes Illiger, 1811 synonym of Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 synonym of Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 synonym of Marmosa Gray, 1821 subgenus of Marmosa Gray, 1821 synonym of Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 synonym of Marmosa Gray, 1821 synonym of Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 synonym of Marmosa Gray, 1821 synonym of Chironectes Illiger, 1811 synonym of Didelphis Linnaeus, 1758 synonym of Philander Brisson, 1762 synonym of Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 synonym of Philander Brisson, 1762 synonym of Monodelphis Burnett, 1830 subgenus of Caluromys J.A. Allen, 1900 synonym of Marmosa Gray, 1821 Gracilinanus Gardner & Creighton, 1989 Didelphis microtarsus Wagner, 1842 j Grayium Kretzoi & Kretzoi, 2000 Didelphis murina Linnaeus, 1758 k synonym of Marmosa Gray, 1821 Hyladelphys Voss et al., 2001 Gracilinanus kalinowskii Hershkovitz, 1992 j Tlacuatzin Voss & Jansa, 2003 Didelphis (Micoureus) canescens J.A. Allen, 1893 j Chacodelphys Voss et al., 2004 Marmosa formosa Shamel, 1930 j Cryptonanus Voss et al., 2005 Marmosa agilis chacoensis Tate, 1931 j a For simplicity we have emended all nomenclaturally irrelevant mistakes made by authors, such as incorrect spellings (e.g., ‘‘Didelphys’’ for Didelphis) and misattributed authorship and dates for nominal species otherwise eligible for type fixation (ICZN, 1999: Article 67). b Subsequently designated by Thomas (1888) who, however, sometimes used senior synonyms to denote originally included nominal species (e.g., brevicaudata Erxleben for brachyuros Schreber as the type species of Peramys Lesson). c By plenary action of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1998). d By monotypy. e Subsequently designated by Brown (2004). f Subsequently designated by Cerqueira and Tribe (2008). g Subsequently designated by Matschie (1916). h Subsequently designated by Thomas (1888); see Hershkovitz (1976). i Subsequently designated by Hershkovitz (1949), but authorship and dates misattributed by him are emended herein. j By original designation. k Grayium was proposed as a replacement name for Marmosa Gray, 1821, on the mistaken assumption that the latter was preoccupied by Marmosa Rafinesque, 1815, a nomen nudum (Creighton and Gardner, 2008b).
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 83 mark catalog of the marsupials in the British Museum of Natural History. By comparison with Old World marsupials, didelphids appeared to Thomas (1888: 315) to be ‘‘an exceedingly homogeneous [family], its members presenting a very small range of differentiation.’’ Accordingly, he recognized only Didelphis and Chironectes as full genera, but several other taxa were ranked as subgenera of Didelphis (table 16). These included Metachirus (containing species now referred to Metachirus, Philander, and Lutreolina), Philander (for Caluromys), Micoureus (containing species now referred to Marmosa, Marmosops, Thylamys, andGracilinanus), and Peramys (for Monodelphis). Although knowledge of didelphid diversity increased rapidly in the years following Thomas’s classification, Matschie (1916) persisted in referring all nonaquatic opossums to the genus Didelphis. However, Matschie recognized more subgenera of Didelphis than Thomas did, resurrecting old names or describing new ones to suit his needs. Dromiciops (described as a didelphid by TABLE 16 Classifications of Recent Opossums, 1888–1958 a Thomas (1888) Matschie (1916) Cabrera (1919) Simpson (1945) Cabrera (1958) Didelphidae Didelphidae Didelphidae Didelphidae Didelphidae Didelphis Didelphis Dromiciops Philander Caluromys Didelphis b Didelphis b Glironia Monodelphis Caluromysiops Metachirus b Metachirops b Philander Dromiciops Glironia Philander b Metachirus b Marmosa Glironia Dromiciops Micoureus b Peramys b Marmosa b Notodelphis c Monodelphis Peramys b Micoureus b Thylamys b Marmosa Monodelphis b Chironectes Caluromys b Peramys Metachirops Minuania b Marmosa b Minuania Metachirus Lestodelphys Grymaeomys b Lutreolina Lutreolina Marmosa Marmosops b Metachirus Didelphis Marmosa b Thylamys b Holothylax Chironectes Thylamys b Dromiciops b Didelphis Philander Glironia b Chironectes Metachirus Monodelphis b Lutreolina Monodelphiops b Didelphis Microdelphys b [Chironectes] Chironectes a Incorrect spellings (e.g., ‘‘Didelphys’’ for Didelphis; Thomas, 1888) have been changed to conform with current usage throughout, but the sequence of names in each classification has been preserved as originally published. Note that some names (e.g., Philander) were used by early taxonomists for species that are now placed in other genera (see text). b Ranked as subgenera. c Not an available name. Notodelphys Thomas, 1921, originally proposed for the taxon now known as Lestodelphys,is preoccupied by Notodelphys Allman, 1847, a copepod (Tate, 1934). Thomas, 1894) was also included. Matschie’s taxonomy is noteworthy for his early recognition that the so-called ‘‘murine’’ opossums (pouchless mouse- and rat-sized species with circumocular masks and long tails) that Thomas (1888) had lumped together in Micoureus actually represent several distinct groups, and for treating those groups as coordinate taxa. Cabrera’s (1919) classification was not the first to reject Linnaeus’s inclusive concept of Didelphis, but it was influential in establishing modern binomial usage. His taxonomy included 11 genera, only one of which contained subgenera. Like Thomas (1888) and Matschie (1916), Cabrera made no use of subfamilies, tribes, or other suprageneric categories to indicate relationships among living opossums. Unlike Matschie, Cabrera grouped all of the ‘‘murine’’ opossums together, using Marmosa as the name for the taxon that Thomas called Micoureus. Simpson (1945) recognized several subfamilies of didelphids, but he placed all of the living opossums (plus Dromiciops) in the
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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND CLAS
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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ABSTRACT This report summarizes a d
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2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARS
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