phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

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78 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 322 Fig. 34. Alternative resolutions for three patterns of intergeneric relationships that exhibit nodal posterior probabilities ,0.95 in the Bayesian analysis of the concatenated five-gene dataset (see fig. 33). A, B, C, alternative relationships among Glironia, Hyladelphys + Didelphinae, and Caluromys + Caluromysiops; D, E, F, alternative relationships among Tlacuatzin, Marmosa, andMonodelphis; G, H, I, alternative relationships among Cryptonanus, Thylamys + Lestodelphys, andGracilinanus. Black and grey circles at nodes indicate posterior probabilities $0.95 or ,0.95, respectively. Branch lengths are shown at the same scale across all trees. (from 80% to 93%), as does the Bayesian posterior probability for placing the ingroup root between (Glironia (Caluromys + Caluromysiops)) and other didelphids (from 0.51 to 0.87). Similarly, adding nonmolecular characters marginally improves the Bayesian posterior probability for Marmosa + Tlacuatzin (from 0.63 to 0.83). By contrast, including Chacodelphys in a combined-data parsimony analysis dramatically erodes bootstrap support for five intergeneric nodes (fig. 36). In fact, the strict consensus of 12 minimum-length trees (not shown) places Chacodelphys as the sister group of Monodelphis with weak (MPBS 5 49%) support. Bayesian analysis, however, strongly supports the membership of Chacodelphys in a clade that also includes Gracilinanus, Cryptonanus, andThylamys + Lestodelphys, and posterior probabilities for other nodes are substantially unaffected by taxon addition. Discussion Analyses of our combined dataset (excluding Chacodelphys; fig. 35) effectively summarize all of the shared phylogenetic signal that we have found to date in morphology, karyotypes, and five unlinked protein-coding nuclear genes. Additional support is provided by 16 parsimony-informative indels (figs. 29, 30, 31) that were not coded as phylogenetic characters but which optimize as synapomorphies on this topology. Lastly, this tree is congruent with the results of independent phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from intron 1 of the nuclear transthyretin (TTR) gene and the mitochondrial 12S rDNA gene (Steiner et al., 2005). To the best
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 79 Fig. 35. The 50% majority-rule consensus of post-burnin trees resulting from a mixed-model Bayesian analysis of the combined (nonmolecular + molecular) dataset without Chacodelphys. Conventions for indicating nodal support are described in the caption to figure 28. The broken arrow indicates the alternative position of Glironia recovered by parsimony analysis.
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