phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

176 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 322 hypoconulid twinned with entoconid. . . . . ........................ Caluromys 8b. Pelage of head uniformly pale, without any dark markings; dark scapular stripes present; premaxillary rostral process absent; right and left frontals fused (median suture incomplete); sagittal crest well developed, extending anteriorly to frontals; secondary foramen ovale present; centrocrista linear, uninflected; hypoconulid not twinned with entoconid................... Caluromysiops 9a. Circumocular mask absent; tail shorter than combined length of head and body, without prehensile modifications; postorbital processes absent or indistinct; premaxillary rostral process absent; palatine and maxillary fenestrae usually absent; maxillary and alisphenoid in contact on orbital floor; secondary foramen ovale absent or formed by medial bullar lamina that does not span transverse canal foramen; entoconid subequal to or smaller than hypoconulid on m1–m3 (absent or indistinct in worndentitions) ............Monodelphis 9b. Dark circumocular mask present (but narrow and inconspicuous in some taxa); tail longer or shorter than combined length of head and body, with or without prehensile modifications; distinct postorbital processes present or absent; premaxillary rostral process present or absent; palatine and maxillary fenestrae present or absent; maxillary and alisphenoid separated by palatine on orbital floor; secondary foramen ovale absent or formed by anteromedial bullar process spanning transverse canal foramen; entoconid taller than hypoconulid on m1–m3 (except in Chacodelphys) ..........................10 10a. Secondary foramen ovale usually present, formed by anteromedial bullar process spanning transverse canal foramen . . . . . . . . 11 10b. Secondary foramen ovale usually absent . . ..............................14 11a. Manual digits III and IV subequal in length; tail always longer than combined length of head and body; premaxillary rostral process present; maxillary fenestrae usually present (occasionally absent in one species); P2 and P3 subequal in height . . . . . . . Gracilinanus 11b. Manual digit III longer than digit IV; tail longer or shorter than head-and-body; premaxillary rostral process present or absent; maxillary fenestrae absent or, if present, then P3tallerthanP2..................12 12a. Tail longer than combined length of head and body, with scales in spiral series, never incrassate; premaxillary rostral process present (but short in a few species); maxillary fenestrae absent; fenestra cochleae exposed; P2 and P3 subequal in height. . . Marmosops 12b. Tail longer or shorter than head-and-body, with scales (when distinct) in annular series, incrassate (at least seasonally); premaxillary rostral process absent; maxillary fenestrae present or absent; fenestra cochleae concealed in a sinus formed by rostral and caudal tympanic processes of petrosal; P3 taller than P2............................13 13a. Manual claws long, extending well beyond fleshy apical pads of digits; pedal digit III longer than digit IV; tail shorter than combined length of head and body; ventral surface of tail tip not modified for prehension; nasals conspicuously wider posteriorly than anteriorly; maxillary fenestrae absent; stapes columelliform and imperforate or microperforate; p3 taller than p2; hypoconid lingual to protocone on m3, not labially salient ................. Lestodelphys 13b. Manual claws short, not extending much, if at all, beyond fleshy apical pads of digits; pedal digit IV longer than digit III; tail longer or shorter than combined length of head-andbody; ventral surface of tail tip modified for prehension in most species; nasals uniformly narrow (not much wider posteriorly than anteriorly), with subparallel lateral margins; maxillary fenestrae present or absent; stapes triangular with large obturator foramen; p2 and p3 subequal in height; hypoconid labially salient on m3, not lingual to protoconid...................... Thylamys 14a. Manual digit III longer than manual digit IV; tail shorter than combined length of head and body; nasals narrow, with subparallel lateral margins; maxillary fenestrae present; hypoconid not labially salient on m3 (lingual to protoconid). . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chacodelphys 14b. Manual digits III and IV subequal in length; tail longer than head-and-body; nasals distinctly wider posteriorly than anteriorly; maxillary fenestrae absent (except in Tlacuatzin); hypoconid labially salient on m3 (not lingual to protoconid) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 15a. Tail scales in annular series; rostral process of premaxillae absent; palatine fenestrae present; petrosal exposed on posterolateral surface of braincase through fenestra in parietalsquamosal suture; unworn C1 usually with small accessory cusps; P3 taller than P2.................... Cryptonanus 15b. Tail scales in annual or spiral series; rostral process of premaxillae present or absent; palatine fenestrae present or absent; petrosal not exposed through fenestra in parietalsquamosal suture (fenestra absent); C1 with-
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 177 out accessory cusps; P2 and P3 subequal in height or P2 taller than P3 . . . . . . . . . . . 16 16a. Very small (HBL ,95 mm; weight ,20 g; CBL ,25 mm; LM ,5 mm); mammae 2–0– 254; rostral process of premaxillae absent; postorbital processes absent; palatine fenestrae absent; unworn crowns of I2–I5 asymmetrical (incisiform), with much longer anterior than posterior cutting edges; P2 much taller than P3; lower canine (c1) an erect, recurved-conical tooth, not premolarized . . . .........................Hyladelphys 16b. Larger; mammae 3–1–357 to 7–1–7515; rostral process of premaxillae present or absent; postorbital processes usually present (indistinct in some young adults but absent in adults of at least one species); palatine fenestrae present or absent; unworn crowns of I2–I5 symmetrically rhomboidal, with subequal anterior and posterior cutting edges; P2 and P3 subequal in height; unworn c1 usually procumbent and somewhat premolariform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 17a. Caudal scales in spiral series, at least in part (the caudal scale arrangement in some species is partly spiral and partly annular); rostral process of premaxillae usually present; maxillary fenestrae absent; crown of I2 visibly shorter (mesiodistal dimension) than crown of I5; unworn c1 procumbent and more or less premolariform. . . . . . . . . . . . Marmosa 17b. Caudal scales in unambiguously annular series; rostral process of premaxillae absent; maxillary fenestrae present (sometimes confluent with maxillopalatine openings); crowns of I2–I5 subequal in length; c1 erect and recurved-conical, not premolarized . . . . . . ........................ Tlacuatzin
Page 1 and 2:
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND CLAS
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS Abstract .................
Page 5 and 6:
ABSTRACT This report summarizes a d
Page 7 and 8:
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARS
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126: 2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARS
Page 175: 2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARS
show all

phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?