phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials ...

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172 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 322 Character 17. Manual digits III and IV: III 5 IVRIV longest. Character 26. Pouch 1: absentRpresent. Character 57. Sagittal crest: absentRsmall. Character 72. Transverse canal foramen: presentRabsent. Character 74. Alisphenoid tympanic process: no contact with RTPRcontacts RTP. Character 76. RTP-CTP contact: absent (gap)Rsutured. Character 78. Ectotympanic suspension: from skullR from malleus only. Character 86. Angular process: acute-strongly inflectedRobtuse-weakly inflected. Character 93. C1 alveolus: in premaxillary-maxillary sutureRin maxillary only. Character 95. P1 size: largeRvestigial or absent. Character 96. Height P2, P3: subequalRP2 taller. Character 101. Ectoflexus on M1–M3: presentRabsent. Caluromys Character 5. Midrostral stripe: absentRpresent. Character 40. Rostral process of premaxillae: absentRpresent. Hyladelphinae + Didelphinae Character 69. Posterolateral palatal corners: absent or indistinctRpresent. Didelphinae Character 29. Unpaired median teat: absentRpresent. Character 104. Centrocrista: weakly ‘-shapedR strongly ‘-shaped. Didelphini + Metachirini + Thylamyini Character 73. Secondary foramen ovale: absentR formed by anteromedial strut. Didelphini + Metachirini Character 2. Rhinarium: with 2 groovesRwith 1 groove. Character 7. Mask: like MarmosaRlike Metachirus. Character 36. Tail tip: prehensileRnot prehensile. Character 84. Paroccipital process: small, adnate to petrosalRlarge and erect. Character 108. Upper molar eruption: P3 lastRM4 and P3 together. Didelphini Character 26. Pouch: absentRpresent. Character 32. Body pelage on tail: noneRsubequal. Character 33. Caudal coloration: uniform or variableRblack-and-white. Character 34. Caudal scales: intermediateRspiral. Character 41. Nasal tips: above or anterior to I1Rposterior to I1. Character 52. Postorbital processes: absentRpresent. Character 54. Frontals: separateRfused. Character 57. Sagittal crest: absentRlarge. Character 61. Parietal-mastoid contact: presentRabsent. Character 73. Secondary foramen ovale: formed by anteromedial strutRformed by lamina. Character 78. Ectotympanic suspension: from skullR from malleus only. Character 96. Height P2, P3: subequalRP3 taller. Character 104. Centrocrista: strongly ‘-shapedR weakly ‘-shaped. Character 106. Postprotocrista: unnotchedRnotched. Character 108. Upper molar eruption: M4 and P3 togetherRM4 last. Character 109. Lower incisors: with lingual cuspR without lingual cusp. Character 126. RES {a1+ a5, m1}: metacentricRacrocentric. Character 127. RES {a2+a8, m2}: metacentricRacrocentric. Character 128. RES {a3+a10, m3}: metacentricRacrocentric. Character 129. RES {a6+a9, m4}: metacentricRacrocentric. Didelphis + Philander + Lutreolina Character 65. Palatine fenestrae: absentRpresent. Character 90. Shape I2-I4 crowns: symmetrical rhomboidsRasymmetrical. Didelphis + Philander Character 27. Pouch: opens posteriorlyRopens anteriorly. Character 36. Tail tip: not prehensileRprehensile. Didelphis Character 7. Mask: like MetachirusRlike Marmosa. Character 11. Dorsal underfur: darkRwhite. Character 12. Dorsal guard hairs: shortRlong. Didelphis albiventris + D. marsupialis No unambiguous changes. Philander Character 8. Spot above eye: absentRpresent. Philander mcilhennyi + Philander opossum No unambiguous changes. Thylamyini Character 58. Fenestra in parietal-squamosal suture: absentRpresent. Cryptonanus + Gracilinanus + Lestodelphys + Thylamys Character 34. Caudal scales: intermediateRannular. Cryptonanus + Gracilinanus Character 17. Manual digits III and IV: III longestRIII 5 IV. Cryptonanus Character 73. Secondary foramen ovale: formed by anteromedial strutRabsent. Gracilinanus Character 40. Rostral process of premaxillae: absentRpresent. Character 66. Maxillary fenestrae: absentRpresent. Gracilinanus aceramarcae + G. microtarsus + G. agilis No unambiguous changes. Gracilinanus aceramarcae + G. microtarsus No unambiguous changes. Lestodelphys + Thylamys Character 10. Dorsal fur markings: unpatternedRtricolored. Character 20. Central palmar surface: smoothRdensely tubercular. Character 25. Ventral tarsal surface: nakedRfurred. Character 28. Mammary position: abdominal-inguinalRpectoral. Character 39. Tail incrassate: noRyes. Character 68. Posterolateral palatal foramina: behind M4 protoconesRlingual to M4 protocones. Character 76. RTP-CTP contact: absent (gap)Rsutured. Character 114. Height p2, p3: p2 tallerRsubequal. Thylamys Character 43. Nasal width: wider posteriorlyR uniformly narrow.
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 173 Thylamys macrurus + T. pusillus + T. pallidior (branch 22) No unambiguous changes Thylamys macrurus + T. pusillus No unambiguous changes Marmosops Character 34. Caudal scales: intermediateRspiral. Character 38. Caudal hairs: all hairs alikeRmiddle hair thickest. Character 40. Rostral process of premaxillae: absentRpresent. Marmosops impavidus + M. noctivagus + M. incanus No unambiguous changes. Marmosops impavidus + M. noctivagus No unambiguous changes. Marmosops parvidens + M. pinheiroi Character 94. Upper canine: simpleRanterior and posterior accessory cusps present. Marmosini No unambiguous changes. Marmosa + Tlacuatzin Character 13. Lateral carpal tubercles: absentR present in adult males. Character 52. Postorbital process: absentRpresent. Marmosa Character 40. Rostral process of premaxillae: absentRpresent. Marmosa lepida + M. murina + subgenus Micoureus No unambiguous changes. Marmosa murina + subgenus Micoureus No unambiguous changes. Subgenus Micoureus Character 14. Medial carpal tubercles: absentR present in adult males. Marmosa demerarae + M. paraguayana No unambiguous changes. Marmosa mexicana + M. robinsoni + M. rubra Character 14. Medial carpal tubercles: absentR present in adult males. Marmosa mexicana + M. robinsoni Character 9. Gular gland: absentRpresent. Monodelphis Character 2. Rhinarium: with 2 groovesRwith 1 groove. Character 6. Mask: presentRabsent. Character 22. Pedal digits III and IV: IV longestRIII longest. Character 36. Tail tip: prehensileRnot prehensile. Character 45. Maxilloturbinals: elaborately branchedRsimple scrolls. Character 51. Maxillary and alisphenoid: separateRin contact. Character 96. Height P2, P3: subequalRP3 taller. Character 114. Height p2, p3: p2 tallerRsubequal. Character 120. m3 hypoconid position: labially salientRlingual to protoconid. Character 121. Entoconid size: taller than hypoconulidRsmall or indistinct. Monodelphis brevicaudata + M. theresa + M. emiliae No unambiguous changes. Monodelphis brevicaudata + M. theresa No unambiguous changes. Caluromys lanatus: No unambiguous changes. Terminal Branches Caluromys philander: Character 29. Unpaired median teat: absentRpresent. Character 32. Body pelage on tail: longer dorsallyR subequal. Character 35. Base of tail: with ventral tuberclesR smooth ventrally. Caluromysiops irrupta: Character 6. Mask: presentRabsent. Character 10. Dorsal fur markings: unpatternedR scapular stripes. Character 54. Frontals: separateRfused. Character 55. Parietals: separateRfused. Character 57. Sagittal crest: smallRlarge. Character 73. Secondary foramen ovale: absentR formed by lamina. Character 81. Stapes: bicrurateRcolumelliform. Character 104. Centrocrista: weakly ‘-shapedR linear. Character 124. Hypoconulid: twinned with entoconidRin midline. Glironia venusta: Character 53. Postorbital processes: frontal onlyR frontal and parietal. Character 127. RES {a2+a8, m2}: metacentricRacrocentric. Character 129. RES {a6+a9, m4}: metacentricRacrocentric. Chironectes minimus: Character 10. Dorsal fur markings: unpatternedRlike Chironectes. Character 13. Lateral carpal tubercles: absentR present in both sexes. Character 18. Manual plantar pads: presentRabsent. Character 20. Central palmar surface: smoothRsandpapery. Character 23. Pedal morphology: eleuthrodactylousRwebbed. Character 31. Cloaca: presentRabsent. Character 49. Lacrimal foramina: twoRone. Character 85. Mental foramina: twoRone. Didelphis albiventris: No unambiguous changes. Didelphis marsupialis: No unambiguous changes. Didelphis virginiana: Character 49. Lacrimal foramina: twoRone. Philander frenatus: No unambiguous changes. Philander mcilhennyi: No unambiguous changes. Philander opossum: No unambiguous changes. Lutreolina crassicaudata: Character 6. Mask: presentRabsent. Character 22. Pedal digits III and IV: subequal or IV longestRIII longest. Character 51. Maxillary and alisphenoid: separateRin contact. Character 120. m3 hypoconid position: labially salientRlingual to protoconid. Metachirus nudicaudatus: Character 8. Spot above eye: absentRpresent. Character 56. Parietal and alisphenoid: in contactRseparated. Cryptonanus chacoensis:
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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND CLAS
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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ABSTRACT This report summarizes a d
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2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARS
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