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160 BULLETIN AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY NO. 322 APPENDIX 2 Specimens Sequenced for Nuclear Genes Nuclear gene sequences were obtained from the following specimens, listed alphabetically by family, genus, and species. The institutional catalog number of each voucher specimen is listed first (in parentheses), followed by a tissue identifier (if any, in square brackets). See appendix 1 for institutional abbreviations. Caenolestidae Caenolestes fuliginosus: Ecuador, Bolívar, 4 km E Cruz de Lizo (MSB 70587 [NK 27708]). Rhyncholestes raphanurus: Chile, Osorno, La Picada (Universidad Austral de Chile, unvouchered [LG 420]). Dasyuridae Murexia longicaudata: Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Mt. Missim (ANWC M29669 [‘‘female 3’’]); Papua New Guinea, Southern Highlands Province, Bobole (AMS M18453 [ABTC 45110]). Sminthopsis crassicaudata: Australia, New South Wales, Remington Station (ANWC M16816); Australia, South Australia, Ngarkat Conservation Park (SAM M20207 [ABTC 27560]). Didelphidae Caluromys lanatus: Ecuador, Napo, Parque Nacional Yasuní (ROM 104570). Caluromys philander: French Guiana, Les Nouragues (V-823 [T-1754], V-960 [T-2020]). Caluromysiops irrupta: New York Zoological Society (AMNH 244364). Chironectes minimus: Guyana, Barima-Waini, Waikerebi (ROM 98855 [FN 31677]). Cryptonanus chacoensis: Paraguay, Caazapá, Estancia Dos Marias (uncataloged specimen returned to Paraguay [GD 521]). Cryptonanus unduaviensis: Bolivia, Pando, Independencia (AMNH 262401 [NK 14234]); Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Santiago de Chiquitos (AMNH 260032 [NK 12313]). Didelphis albiventris: Paraguay, Canendiyu, 13.3 km N Curuguaty (UMMZ 134041 [GKC 783]); Paraguay, Presidente Hayes, 24 km NW Villa Hayes (UMMZ 134058 [GKC 816]). Didelphis marsupialis: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272836 [RSV 2357], MUSM 13282 [RSV 2273]). Didelphis virginiana: Mexico, Yucatán, 1.5 km N Labna (ROM 96483 [FN 30300]). Glironia venusta: Brazil, Amazonas, alto Rio Urucu (INPA 2570 [MNFS 75]). Gracilinanus aceramarcae: Peru, Cusco, Cordillera Vilcabamba (MUSM 13002 [LHE 1342]). Gracilinanus agilis: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Mata do Vasco, 12 km W Nova Ponte (MVZ 197438 [LPC 363], MVZ 197439 [LPC 364]). Gracilinanus emiliae: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez, Nuevo San Juan (MUSM 15292 [DWF 413]). Gracilinanus microtarsus: Brazil, São Paulo, Fazenda Intervales (MVZ 182055 [MAM 38], MVZ 182056 [MAM 49]). Hyladelphys kalinowskii: French Guiana, Route de Kaw, 30 km SE Cayenne (MNHN, uncataloged [T4385]). Lestodelphys halli: Argentina, Río Negro, 10 km by road E Clementi Onelli (UWZ 22422 [Kirsch lab extract 775]). Lutreolina crassicaudata: Paraguay, Misiones, 2 km NE Ayolas (UMMZ 134018 [GKC 848], UMMZ 134019 [GKC 849]). Marmosa (Marmosa) lepida: Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Iwokrama Reserve (ROM 107034 [F 38809]); Peru, Amazonas, Huampami on Río Cenepa (MVZ 155245 [FC 4928, JLP7844]). Marmosa (Marmosa) mexicana: Guatemala, El Petén, Biotopo Cerro Cahui, El Ramate (ROM 99608 [FN 32277]); Guatemala, El Progresso, Río Uyús, 5 km E San Cristóbal, Acasaguascatlán (ROM 99776 [FN 34135]). Marmosa (Marmosa) murina: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272816 [RSV 2303], AMNH 272870 [RSV 2413]); Surinam, Para, Zanderij (CM 68346 [TK 17359], 68353 [TK 17387]). Marmosa (Marmosa) robinsoni: Panama, Darién, Cana (TTU 39117 [TK 22552], 39118 [TK 22555]). Marmosa (Marmosa) rubra: Peru, Amazonas, 0.5 mi W Huampami on Río Cenepa (MVZ 153280 [JLP 6930]). Marmosa (Micoureus) demerarae: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272667 [RSV 2029], MUSM 13294 [RSV 2085]). Marmosa (Micoureus) paraguayana: Brazil, São Paulo, Fazenda Intervales, Capão Bonito (MVZ 182064 [MAM 46], 182065 [MAM 47]). Marmosa (Micoureus) regina: Brazil, Amazonas, Igarapé Nova Empresa, left bank Rio Juruá (MVZ 190323 [JLP 15435]); Brazil, Acre, Igarapé Porongaba, right bank Rio Juruá (MVZ 190332 [MNFS 1232]). Marmosops impavidus: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272760 [RSV 2202], MUSM 13284 [RSV 2114]). Marmosops incanus: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Fazenda Montes Claros, 54 km E Caratinga (MVZ 182768 [MAM 201], 182769 [MAM 202]). Marmosops noctivagus: Ecuador, Napo, Parque Nacional Yasuní (ROM 105316 [F 37644]); Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272775 [RSV 2225], AMNH 272782 [RSV 2242], AMNH 272809 [RSV 2294], MUSM 13289 [RSV 2224], MUSM 13292 [RSV 2131]). Marmosops parvidens: Guyana, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo, Karanambo (ROM 97938 [FN 33439]). Marmosops pinheiroi: Guyana, Potaro-Siparuni, Iwokrama Reserve (ROM 108920 [F 43900]). Metachirus nudicaudatus: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272780 [RSV 2236], MUSM 13293 [RSV 2329]). Monodelphis brevicaudata: Surinam, Saramacca, Raleigh Falls (CM 63511 [TK 10244]); Surinam, Nickerie, Kayserberg Airstrip (CM 68359 [TK 17069]).
2009 VOSS AND JANSA: DIDELPHID MARSUPIALS 161 Monodelphis emiliae: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (MUSM 13298 [RSV 2083]). Monodelphis peruvianus (5 M. ‘‘adusta’’ of previous reports; see Solari, 2007): Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272695 [RSV 2086]). Monodelphis theresa: Brazil, São Paulo, Ilha de Sebastião, Parque Estadual Ilhabela (MVZ 182776 [MAM 160]). Philander frenatus: Brazil, São Paulo, Fazenda Intervales, Capão Bonito (MVZ 182066 [MAM 41], 182067 [MAM 64]). Philander mcilhennyi: Peru, Loreto, Río Gálvez (AMNH 272818 [RSV 2310], MUSM 13299 [RSV 2153]). Philander opossum: Surinam, Para, Zanderij (CM 68365 [TK 17015]); Surinam, Suriname, Plantation Clevia, 8 km NE Paramaribo (CM 76743 [TK 17524]). Thylamys macrurus: Paraguay, Concepción, 7 km NE Concepción (MSB 70700 [NK 27536). Thylamys pallidior: Bolivia, Tarija, roadside above Cieneguillas (FMNH 162495 [NBH 76-97]). Thylamys pusillus: Bolivia, Tarija, Estancia Bolívar (MSB 67016 [NK 25139]). Thylamys venustus: Bolivia, Tarija, Chuquiaca (FMNH 162505 [BDP 3345]); Bolivia, Tarija, ca. 10 km by road W Narváez (FMNH 162507 [BDP 3309]). Tlacuatzin canescens: Mexico, Jalisco, 6 km SE Chamela (TTU 37700 [TK 11826]); Mexico, Michoacan, 1 km E Playa Azul (UMSNH 2993 [TK 45085]). Microbiotheriidae Dromiciops gliroides: Argentina, Neuquen, near Estancia Paso Coihue (MVZ 184914 [JLP 16545]). Peramelidae Echymipera kalubu: Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Trauna Valley (MVZ 138476 [FC 868]). Perameles gunni: Australia, Tasmania, Ridgley (SAM, unvouchered [ABTC 66105]). APPENDIX 3 Nonmolecular Character Descriptions EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY Character 1: Pars supralabialis of rhinarium broad (0); or reduced to a narrow philtrum (1). See text for a discussion of this character and its taxonomic distribution. Character 2: Rhinarium with two ventrolateral grooves flanking the median sulcus (0); or with a single ventrolateral groove on each side (1). Information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa was summarized by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 1). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. This character was scored as inapplicable (‘‘-’’) for taxa with a very narrow pars supralabialis (see above). Character 3: Reciprocating lateral fleshy outgrowths of upper and lower oral margins absent (0); or present (1). See text for a discussion of this character and its taxonomic distribution. Character 4: Interramal vibrissae present (0); or absent (1). See text for a discussion of this character and its taxonomic distribution. Character 5: Dark midrostral stripe absent (0); or present (1). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 2). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 6: Fur surrounding eye not distinctively colored (0); or eye surrounded by mask of dark fur (1). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 3). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 7: Circumocular mask contrasts with coloration of cheeks and crown (0); or dark fur around eye continuous with dark coronal fur (1). This character was modified from Voss and Jansa’s (2003) character 4 by eliminating an intermediate condition for polymorphism, which was recoded as 0/1 for this analysis. See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 8: Conspicuous pale spot above each eye absent (0); or present (1). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 5). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 9: Gular gland absent (0); or present (1). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 6). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 10: Dorsal body pelage more or less uniformly colored, unpatterned (0); or marked by dark transverse bars connected middorsally (1); or marked by paired scapular stripes (2); or marked by one median and two lateral stripes (3); or grayish middorsum contrasting with reddish or yellowish flanks (4); or grayish midbody (including flanks) contrasting with reddish head and rump (5); or ‘‘tricolored’’ (6); or with transverse sacral bars (7). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of states 0–6 among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 7). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. In the absence of any compelling evidence for intermediacy among these alternative conditions, this character was treated as unordered in all of our analyses. Character 11: Dorsal underfur dark (0); or white (1). Scoring criteria and information about the distribution of these traits among didelphid terminal taxa were provided by Voss and Jansa (2003: character 8). See text for comments about traits expressed by outgroup taxa. Character 12: Dorsal pelage hairs not grossly dissimilar in length or coarseness (0); or dorsal pelage with guard hairs conspicuously longer and coarser than underfur (1); or dorsal pelage with stiff, dorsally
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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AND CLAS
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CONTENTS Abstract .................
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ABSTRACT This report summarizes a d
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