grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...

4.3 Data Collection ..................................................................................... 57
4.3.1 Process .......................................................................................... 57
4.3.2 Description of Participants............................................................ 59
Chapter 5 ............................................................................................................... 61
Discussion of Findings.......................................................................................... 61
5.0 Introduction............................................................................................... 61
5.1 Grammatical Constraints on Codeswitching......................................... 62
5.1.1 Conjunctions ................................................................................. 62
5.1.2 Word order equivalence ................................................................ 66
5.1.3 Closed Classes............................................................................... 69
5.1.4 Nonce Loans / Insertion of Minimal Constituents ........................ 73
5.1.5 Codeswitching and Homophonous Diamorphs............................. 74
5.1.6 Verbs ............................................................................................. 76
5.2 Social motivations for Codeswitching .................................................. 84
5.2.1 Update Kaapse Vlakte 1................................................................ 84
5.2.2 Update Kaapse Vlakte 2................................................................ 93
Chapter 6 ............................................................................................................. 105
Conclusions and Recommendations ................................................................... 105
6.0 Introduction............................................................................................. 105
6.1 Conclusions......................................................................................... 105
6.2 Recommendations............................................................................... 108
References........................................................................................................... 109
List of Tables and Graphs
Table 1: Switched conjunctions .......................................................................................... 63
Table 2: Similarity between English and Afrikaans in present tense constructions ........... 66
Table 3: Comparison of word order of English and Afrikaans in present and past
tense constructions .............................................................................................................. 67
Table 4: Examples of negation in Afrikaans....................................................................... 67
Table 5: Examples of word order conflict in negation constructions ................................. 68
Table 6: Violation of equivalence constraint ...................................................................... 69
Table 7: Afrikaans determiners with English nouns........................................................... 71
Table 8: Nonce loans where no direct English translation exists........................................ 74
Table 9: Homophonous diamorphs in the discourse........................................................... 75
Table 10: Present tense English verbs in Afrikaans matrix language constructions........... 77
Table 11: Use of Afrikaans past tense prefix with English present tense verbs ................. 78
Graph 1: Comparative language use in South Africa (1996 and 2001) 10
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