grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ... grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
The data also provides examples in which Afrikaans borrowings are inserted into English- matrix language sentences. However, this only occurs in cases where there is no direct or suitable English translation for the word being used. The following are examples of English-matrix language sentences where there is no direct translation for the word being used. Some of these are: Table 8: Nonce loans where no direct English translation exists Turn Word used Possible meaning 65 Manyanya nonsense 109 Ghoema type of drum 125 Boem marijuana Clearly, there is no single word which can replace the Afrikaans one being used by the speaker. There is no direct translation, although one can infer possible meanings. In general, many switched words can be explained in terms of: i) Homophonous diamorphs ii) Content words iii) Phonetic similarities iv) Not having a direct translation v) The equivalent not being known by the speaker or listener 5.1.5 Codeswitching and Homophonous Diamorphs Two homophonous diamorphs are present in the discourse. The first is the preposition ‘in’ which differs slightly in pronunciation, but does not appear to encourage a switch, even though it appears in the same syntactic position in both languages. This may be due to the fact that ‘in’ is usually followed by either the 74
indefinite articles, ‘a’ or ‘an’ in English, or ‘’n’ in Afrikaans, or by the definite articles ‘the’ or ‘die’, respectively. The second homophonous diamorph present in the discourse is the indefinite article ‘a’ or ‘’n’, which are both pronounced [ə]. Of importance is the fact that while English has a second indefinite article (‘an’), Afrikaans does not. The following is a list of utterances in which homophonous diamorphs are present: Table 9: Homophonous diamorphs in the discourse Turn Phrase 2 ‘n report back 55 ‘n outfit ‘n boy 59 ‘n unguarded manner 63 ‘n South African 93 ‘n suit ‘n tie 127 ‘n SMS 129 ‘n joke 162 ‘n tour 182 ‘n rumour 190 ‘n pub 266 ‘n All Blacks supporter 280 ‘n South African 308 ‘n personal storie 421 ‘n rumour 502 ‘n recording 504 ‘n reminder diary 579 ‘n request ‘n call centre 618 ‘n floral dress 75
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The data also provides examples in which Afrikaans borrowings are inserted into<br />
English- matrix language sentences. However, this only occurs in cases where<br />
<strong>the</strong>re is no direct or suitable English translation <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> word being used. The<br />
following are examples <strong>of</strong> English-matrix language sentences where <strong>the</strong>re is no<br />
direct translation <strong>for</strong> <strong>the</strong> word being used. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are:<br />
Table 8: Nonce loans where no direct English translation exists<br />
Turn Word used Possible meaning<br />
65 Manyanya nonsense<br />
109 Ghoema type <strong>of</strong> drum<br />
125 Boem marijuana<br />
Clearly, <strong>the</strong>re is no single word which can replace <strong>the</strong> Afrikaans one being used<br />
by <strong>the</strong> speaker. There is no direct translation, although one can infer possible<br />
meanings.<br />
In general, many switched words can be explained in terms <strong>of</strong>:<br />
i) Homophonous diamorphs<br />
ii) Content words<br />
iii) Phonetic similarities<br />
iv) Not having a direct translation<br />
v) The equivalent not being known by <strong>the</strong> speaker or listener<br />
5.1.5 Codeswitching <strong>and</strong> Homophonous Diamorphs<br />
Two homophonous diamorphs are present in <strong>the</strong> discourse. The first is <strong>the</strong><br />
preposition ‘in’ which differs slightly in pronunciation, but does not appear to<br />
encourage a switch, even though it appears in <strong>the</strong> same syntactic position in both<br />
languages. This may be due to <strong>the</strong> fact that ‘in’ is usually followed by ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong><br />
74
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