grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ... grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
Within the discourse, only one example is found in which a determiner signals a switch. This is in turn 22 where the host switches from ‘because’ to ‘die’, which is then followed by ‘French waiters’ – “because die French waiters”. Here it appears as though the host intends to continue the sentence in Afrikaans after the conjunction, ‘because’, as he switches to Afrikaans. However, a switch back to English occurs after the determiner ‘die’, as the speaker appears to have no other option. It appears as though the host has no choice but to use the term ‘French waiters’ in place of ‘Franse tafelbediendes’ in order to fill a gap in his Afrikaans lexicon. In addition, if he did use the Afrikaans equivalent, listeners may have thought the expression as too formal and would even consider it ‘suiwer’ Afrikaans. In terms of possessives, Joshi’s (1985) constraint does seem to apply. While switches occur after a possessive, they generally don’t begin with one, except in one instance. This counter-example appears in turn 504 – “Just because my memory begin te …” As was the case with the switched determiner, it appears as though the host’s intention was to switch to Afrikaans after ‘because’. However, it is likely that the host did not know the Afrikaans equivalent, ‘herinnering’, and so used the English word to fill a lexical gap. It is also important to consider that, if the host was unfamiliar with the Afrikaans equivalent, his listeners would be, too. Taking these counter-examples into account, in addition to the fact that there are no others, it is more likely that they should be regarded as a switch to Afrikaans (beginning with the closed class element) which is then followed by the insertion of a minimal constituent, as the rest of the sentence continues in Afrikaans. A pattern that does emerge from the data is a consistent use of an Afrikaans determiner or possessive alongside an English noun. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the discourse, the reverse never occurs, that is, an English determiner never precedes an Afrikaans noun. The table below (Table 7) provides examples of the use of an Afrikaans determiner before an English noun: 70
Table 7: Afrikaans determiners with English nouns Turn Phrase 6 die baggage 49 die smallprint die ticket die airport 53 die check in counter die small print 55 die continent 57 sy cases die trolley die baggage die hotel room key die passengers die temperature die combination my shower 61 die sunglasses 63 die boy die side 65 die grams 85 die sound engineers die stage 87 die tour sy sound problems sy ovaries sy hero sy idol sy highlight 129 die toilet 158 onse language 162 die group die map 182 die rumours 71
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Table 7: Afrikaans determiners with English nouns<br />
Turn Phrase<br />
6 die baggage<br />
49 die smallprint<br />
die ticket<br />
die airport<br />
53 die check in counter<br />
die small print<br />
55 die continent<br />
57 sy cases<br />
die trolley<br />
die baggage<br />
die hotel room key<br />
die passengers<br />
die temperature<br />
die combination<br />
my shower<br />
61 die sunglasses<br />
63 die boy<br />
die side<br />
65 die grams<br />
85 die sound engineers<br />
die stage<br />
87 die tour<br />
sy sound problems<br />
sy ovaries<br />
sy hero<br />
sy idol<br />
sy highlight<br />
129 die toilet<br />
158 onse language<br />
162 die group<br />
die map<br />
182 die rumours<br />
71
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