grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ... grammatical constraints and motivations for - University of the ...
4.2.1 Transcripts and Data Analysis As this study relies on a transcript to provide the data for the analysis, it is necessary to consider some of the advantages of relying on audio and transcripts when conducting qualitative research. Silverman (2000: 149) argues that tapes and transcripts are beneficial for qualitative research as, “… they are a public record, available to the scientific community, in a way that field notes are not… they can be replayed and transcriptions can be improved and analyses taken off on a different tack unlimited by the original transcript.” Lastly, researchers have flexibility in selecting sequences of utterances for analysis as they have the option of including or excluding extracts used by previous researchers, should they opt to use the same transcript. While this is not the case with this study since the audio used was transcribed for the first time, the transcript will be available to other researchers who may then select the utterances which they wish to analyze. Tapes and transcripts, therefore, are beneficial in that they are public records, can be replayed and reconsulted, and are also available for future researchers to analyze in whichever manner they may choose. 4.2.2 Conversation Analysis According to Wei (1998), Peter Auer’s 1984 publication, Bilingual Conversation, marked a turning point in research on the phenomenon of codeswitching. Situational codeswitching was thought to be triggered by a change in situational context and the assumption was that, “… only one of the co-available languages or language varieties was appropriate for a particular situation and that speakers needed to change their choice of language to keep up with the changes in situational factors in order to maintain that appropriateness.” (Wei, 1998: 156) 56
However, contrary to Auer’s 1984 views, Wei (1998: 156) believed that the aim of metaphorical codeswitching was to convey a specific communicative intent and, “…the interpretation of the speaker’s communicative intent…depended on the association between a particular language or language variety and a particular situation.” However, Wei (1998: 157) argues that Auer challenged these approaches and she summarizes his approach as follows: … participants of conversational interaction continuously produced frames for subsequent activities, which in turn created new frames. Every utterance, every turn, therefore, changed some features of the situation and maintained or re- established others. Thus, the conversation-analytic suggest that each utterance is influenced and dependent on another. In this sense, when a switched phrase is analyzed, one needs to take other utterances within the conversation into account. Therefore, Wei (1998: 157) states that “the meaning of codeswitching must be interpreted with reference to the language choice in the preceding and following turns by the participants themselves.” It is this approach that was undertaken in the analysis of the data for this study. Code-switched passages will therefore not be accounted for in isolation, but in reference to preceding and following turns. 4.3 Data Collection 4.3.1 Process The data for this study was obtained in August 2005. I purchased recordings of two episodes of Update Kaapse Vlakte after consulting Nick Feinberg, Production Manager of P4 radio (now known as Heart 104.9). He was consulted both 57
- Page 5 and 6: Declaration I declare that Grammati
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- Page 9 and 10: 1.0 Introduction Chapter 1 Backgrou
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- Page 21 and 22: have always been exposed simultaneo
- Page 23 and 24: ) I have eaten an apple. The past t
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- Page 29 and 30: 1.10 Outline of the Study Chapter 1
- Page 31 and 32: 2.0 Introduction Chapter 2 Social M
- Page 33 and 34: “…codeswitching is a form of bo
- Page 35 and 36: In this section, I attempt to provi
- Page 37 and 38: eferred to as RO) sets between part
- Page 39 and 40: example, Afrikaans speakers may swi
- Page 41 and 42: Further, Franceschini (1998: 62) st
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- Page 45 and 46: 3.0 Introduction Chapter 3 Grammati
- Page 47 and 48: codeswitching as they do reflect th
- Page 49 and 50: Constituent insertion differs from
- Page 51 and 52: In these examples, the main verbs a
- Page 53 and 54: 4.0 Introduction Chapter 4 Research
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- Page 61 and 62: 5.0 Introduction Chapter 5 Discussi
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However, contrary to Auer’s 1984 views, Wei (1998: 156) believed that <strong>the</strong> aim<br />
<strong>of</strong> metaphorical codeswitching was to convey a specific communicative intent<br />
<strong>and</strong>, “…<strong>the</strong> interpretation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> speaker’s communicative intent…depended on<br />
<strong>the</strong> association between a particular language or language variety <strong>and</strong> a particular<br />
situation.”<br />
However, Wei (1998: 157) argues that Auer challenged <strong>the</strong>se approaches <strong>and</strong> she<br />
summarizes his approach as follows:<br />
… participants <strong>of</strong> conversational interaction continuously produced frames <strong>for</strong><br />
subsequent activities, which in turn created new frames. Every utterance, every<br />
turn, <strong>the</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, changed some features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> situation <strong>and</strong> maintained or re-<br />
established o<strong>the</strong>rs.<br />
Thus, <strong>the</strong> conversation-analytic suggest that each utterance is influenced <strong>and</strong><br />
dependent on ano<strong>the</strong>r. In this sense, when a switched phrase is analyzed, one<br />
needs to take o<strong>the</strong>r utterances within <strong>the</strong> conversation into account. There<strong>for</strong>e,<br />
Wei (1998: 157) states that “<strong>the</strong> meaning <strong>of</strong> codeswitching must be interpreted<br />
with reference to <strong>the</strong> language choice in <strong>the</strong> preceding <strong>and</strong> following turns by <strong>the</strong><br />
participants <strong>the</strong>mselves.”<br />
It is this approach that was undertaken in <strong>the</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data <strong>for</strong> this study.<br />
Code-switched passages will <strong>the</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e not be accounted <strong>for</strong> in isolation, but in<br />
reference to preceding <strong>and</strong> following turns.<br />
4.3 Data Collection<br />
4.3.1 Process<br />
The data <strong>for</strong> this study was obtained in August 2005. I purchased recordings <strong>of</strong><br />
two episodes <strong>of</strong> Update Kaapse Vlakte after consulting Nick Feinberg, Production<br />
Manager <strong>of</strong> P4 radio (now known as Heart 104.9). He was consulted both<br />
57
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